Module 1: Overview of

Public Health Nursing in

the Philippines

MARY FRANCES BAUDIN TOLEDO, RN, MAN

Instructor
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Discuss the Global and National health situations

2. Define the basic terms in Public health
3. Identify the Nursing standards in the Philippines
Describe the Evolution of Public Health Nursing
Identify the Roles and responsibilities of Community Health Nurse
A. Global and National Health Situations
Global Health Status -Studies describe the state of global health by measuring the
burden of disease – the loss of health from all causes of illness and deaths worldwide. .
- WHO 2018
Collecting and comparing health data from across the globe is a way to describe
health problems, identify trends and help decision-makers set priorities.
 
Studies describe the state of global health by measuring the burden of disease –
the loss of health from all causes of illness and deaths worldwide. They detail the
leading causes of deaths worldwide and in every region, and provide information on
more than 130 diseases and injuries across the world.
Top 10 Most Common Health Issues in the Philippines

1. Physical Activity and Nutrition

2. Overweight and Obesity

3. Tobacco

4. Substance Abuse

5. HIV / AIDS

6. Mental Health

7. Injury and Violence

8. Environmental Quality

9. Immunization

10.Access to Health Care

Top 8 Most Common Health Issues in the World (WHO)

1. Global influenza pandemic

The world will face another influenza pandemic – the only thing we don’t know is when it
will hit and how severe it will be. Global defences are only as effective as the weakest link
in any country’s health emergency preparedness and response system.

WHO is constantly monitoring the circulation of influenza viruses to detect potential

pandemic strains: 153 institutions in 114 countries are involved in global surveillance and
response.

Every year, WHO recommends which strains should be included in the flu vaccine to protect
people from seasonal flu. In the event that a new flu strain develops pandemic potential,
WHO has set up a unique partnership with all the major players to ensure effective and
equitable access to diagnostics, vaccines and antivirals (treatments), especially in developing
countries.
2. Fragile and vulnerable settings

More than 1.6 billion people (22% of the global population) live in places where
protracted crises (through a combination of challenges such as drought, famine,
conflict, and population displacement) and weak health services leave them without
access to basic care.

Fragile settings exist in almost all regions of the world, and these are where half of the
key targets in the sustainable development goals, including on child and maternal
health, remains unmet.

WHO will continue to work in these countries to strengthen health systems so that they
are better prepared to detect and respond to outbreaks, as well as able to deliver high
quality health services, including immunization.
3. Antimicrobial resistance
The development of antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials are some of modern medicine’s greatest
successes. Now, time with these drugs is running out. Antimicrobial resistance – the ability of bacteria,
parasites, viruses and fungi to resist these medicines – threatens to send us back to a time when we were
unable to easily treat infections such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis. The
inability to prevent infections could seriously compromise surgery and procedures such as
chemotherapy.

Resistance to tuberculosis drugs is a formidable obstacle to fighting a disease that causes around 10
million people to fall ill, and 1.6 million to die, every year. In 2017, around 600 000 cases of
tuberculosis were resistant to rifampicin – the most effective first-line drug – and 82% of these people
had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. 

Drug resistance is driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in people, but also in animals, especially those
used for food production, as well as in the environment. WHO is working with these sectors to
implement a global action plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance by increasing awareness and
knowledge, reducing infection, and encouraging prudent use of antimicrobials.
4. Ebola and other high-threat pathogens
In 2018, the Democratic Republic of the Congo saw two separate Ebola outbreaks, both of which spread
to cities of more than 1 million people. One of the affected provinces is also in an active conflict zone.
This shows that the context in which an epidemic of a high-threat pathogen like Ebola erupts is critical
– what happened in rural outbreaks in the past doesn’t always apply to densely populated urban areas
or conflict-affected areas.

At a conference on Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies held last December, participants from
the public health, animal health, transport and tourism sectors focussed on the growing challenges of
tackling outbreaks and health emergencies in urban areas. They called for WHO and partners to
designate 2019 as a “Year of action on preparedness for health emergencies”.

WHO’s R&D Blueprint identifies diseases and pathogens that have potential to cause a public health
emergency but lack effective treatments and vaccines. This watchlist for priority research and
development includes Ebola, several other haemorrhagic fevers, Zika, Nipah, Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and disease X,
which represents the need to prepare for an unknown pathogen that could cause a serious epidemic.
5. Weak primary health care
Primary health care is usually the first point of contact people have with their health care system,
and ideally should provide comprehensive, affordable, community-based care throughout life.

Primary health care can meet the majority of a person’s health needs of the course of their life.
Health systems with strong primary health care are needed to achieve universal health coverage.

Yet many countries do not have adequate primary health care facilities. This neglect may be a
lack of resources in low- or middle-income countries, but possibly also a focus in the past few
decades on single disease programmes. In October 2018, WHO co-hosted a major global
conference in Astana, Kazakhstan at which all countries committed to renew the commitment
to primary health care made in the Alma-Ata declaration in 1978.

In 2019, WHO will work with partners to revitalize and strengthen primary health care in
countries, and follow up on specific commitments made by in the Astana Declaration.
6. Vaccine hesitancy
Vaccine hesitancy – the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines –
threatens to reverse progress made in tackling vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination is one
of the most cost-effective ways of avoiding disease – it currently prevents 2-3 million deaths a
year, and a further 1.5 million could be avoided if global coverage of vaccinations improved.

Measles, for example, has seen a 30% increase in cases globally. The reasons for this rise are
complex, and not all of these cases are due to vaccine hesitancy. However, some countries that
were close to eliminating the disease have seen a resurgence.

The reasons why people choose not to vaccinate are complex; a vaccines advisory group to
WHO identified complacency, inconvenience in accessing vaccines, and lack of confidence are
key reasons underlying hesitancy. Health workers, especially those in communities, remain the
most trusted advisor and influencer of vaccination decisions, and they must be supported to
provide trusted, credible information on vaccines.

In 2019, WHO will ramp up work to eliminate cervical cancer worldwide by increasing
coverage of the HPV vaccine, among other interventions. 2019 may also be the year when
transmission of wild poliovirus is stopped in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Last year, less than 30
cases were reported in both countries. WHO and partners are committed to supporting these
countries to vaccinate every last child to eradicate this crippling disease for good.
7. DENGUE

Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease that causes flu-like symptoms and can be lethal and
kill up to 20% of those with severe dengue, has been a growing threat for decades.

A high number of cases occur in the rainy seasons of countries such as Bangladesh and
India. Now, its season in these countries is lengthening significantly (in 2018,
Bangladesh saw the highest number of deaths in almost two decades), and the disease is
spreading to less tropical and more temperate countries such as Nepal, that have not
traditionally seen the disease.

An estimated 40% of the world is at risk of dengue fever, and there are around 390
million infections a year. WHO’s Dengue control strategy aims to reduce deaths by 50%
by 2020.
8. HIV
 The progress made against HIV has been enormous in terms of getting people tested, providing them
with antiretrovirals (22 million are on treatment), and providing access to preventive measures such
as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP, which is when people at risk of HIV take antiretrovirals to
prevent infection).

 However, the epidemic continues to rage with nearly a million people every year dying of
HIV/AIDS. Since the beginning of the epidemic, more than 70 million people have acquired the
infection, and about 35 million people have died. Today, around 37 million worldwide live with HIV.
Reaching people like sex workers, people in prison, men who have sex with men, or transgender
people is hugely challenging. Often these groups are excluded from health services.

A group increasingly affected by HIV are young girls and women (aged 15–24), who are
particularly at high risk and account for 1 in 4 HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa despitebeing only
10% of the population.

 This year, WHO will work with countries to support the introduction of self-testing so that more people
living with HIV know their status and can receive treatment (or preventive measures in the case of a
negative test result). One activity will be to act on new guidance announced In December 2018, by WHO
and the International Labour Organization to support companies and organizations to offer HIV self-tests
in the workplace.
B. DEFINITIONS AND FOCUS

 PUBLIC HEALTH
 Addresses itself to the health of the public with the ultimate goal of a healthy, vital
community
 “Science and Art of Preventing Disease, Prolonging Life, Promoting Health and efficiency
through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, control of
communicable diseases, the education of individuals in personal hygiene, the organization
of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease,
and the development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate
for the maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as to Enable Every Citizen to
Realize His Birth right to Health and Longevity “-Dr. C.E. Winslow

 “Art of applying Science in the Context of Politics so as to Reduce Inequalities in Health

while ensuring the best health for the greatest number” -WHO
Public Health Nursing
• Special Field of Nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public
health, and some phases of social assistance and functions as part of
the total public health program for the promotion of health, the
improvement of the conditions in the social and physical environment,
rehabilitation of illness and disability.
- WHO
Community Health Nursing
• Service rendered by a professional nurse with communities, groups,
families, individuals at home, in health centers, in clinics, in schools, in
places of work for the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the
sick at home and rehabilitation.
- Ruth B. Freeman

• Nursing Practice in a wide variety of community services and consumer

advocate areas, and in a variety of roles, at times including independent
practice… community nursing is certainly not confined to public health
nursing agencies.
- Jacobson

• The utilization of the Nursing Process in the Different Levels of Clientele-

Individuals, Families, Population Groups and Communities, concerned with
the Promotion of Health, Prevention of Disease and Disability and
Rehabilitation
- Dr. Araceli Maglaya
The Standards of Public Health Nursing in the Phillipines

 
A. Public Health Nurses
➢ are found in various health settings and occupying various positions in the hierarchy.
➢ are assigned in rural health units, city health centers, provincial health offices, regional health
offices, and evening the national office of the Department of Health.
➢ are also assigned in public schools and in the offices of government agencies providing health
care services.
➢ occupy a range of positions from Public Health Nurse I to Nurse Program Supervisors to Chief
Nurse in public health settings.
➢ uses various tools and procedures necessary for her to properly practice her profession and
deliver basic health service.
➢ uses nursing process in her practice and is adept in documenting and reporting
accomplishments through records and reports.
➢ technically competent in various nursing procedures conducted in settings where she is assigned
Qualifications and Functions of A Public Health Nurse

The standards of Public Health Nursing in the Philippines developed by the

National League of Philippine government Nurses in 2005 described the qualification
and functions of a Public Health Nurse.

❖ Qualifications :
✓ must be professionally qualified and licensed to practice in the area of public
health nursing.
✓ Must possess personal qualities and “people skills” that would allow her practice to
make a difference in the lives of these people.
❖ Functions

✓ Functions in accordance with the dominant values of public health nurses, within the ethico-legal
framework of the nursing profession, and in accordance with the needs of the clients and available
resources for health care.

✓ Functions of PHN are consistent with the Nursing Law 2002 and program policies formulated by the
DOH and local government health agencies. They are related to management, supervision, provision of
nursing care, collaboration and coordination, health promotion and education training and research.
 
1. Management Function

 the management function of the public health nurse is inherent in her practice. - The
nurse, in whatever setting and role has been trained to lead and manage.
 Objectives set for work being done can only be achieved through the execution of the
five management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
 This function is performed when she organizes the “nursing service” of the local
health agency. - Managing the nurses and their activities - Program management. This is
a function where the PHN actually excels in.
 A program manager is responsible for the delivery of the package of services
provided by the program to the target clientele.
  Reports on program accomplishments is a documentation of her management skills.
 
1. Supervisory Function

 PHN is the supervisor of the midwives and other auxillary

health workers in the catchment area. - Formulates a supervisory
plan and conducts supervisory visits to implement plan.
 Conducts supervisory visits using a supervisory checklist -
During the visit the PHN identifies together with the supervisee
any issue or problem encountered and addresses them accordingly.
  Coaching - Enhancement of training for the supervisee
 Report of the encounter is given to the supervisee and kept in her
personal file for future reference.
1. Nursing Function
  An inherent function of the nurse
  Her practice as a nurse is based on the science and art of caring

 Public health nursing is caring for individuals, families and communities

toward health promotion and disease prevention
  PHN are expected to provide nursing care
 PHN uses her knowledge and skill in the nursing process. She does
assessment, plans, and implements care, and evaluates outcomes.
  Establishes rapport with her client: individual, family or community -
Home visits
  Referral of patients to appropriate levels of care
1. Collaborating and coordinating Function
  Brings activities or group activities systematically into proper relation or
harmony with each other. - Care coordinators for communities and their members
  Actively involved both socially and politically to empower individuals, families
and communities as an entity to initiate and maintain health promoting
environments.
  Establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other health
professionals, government agencies, the private sector, NGOs, people’s
organizations to address health problems.
  Identifies persons, groups, organizations, other agencies and communities
whose resources are available within and outside the community and which can be
tapped in the implementation of individuals, family and community health care.
Health Promotion and Education Function
  Activities goes beyond health teachings and health information campaigns.
  Understands that health is determined by various factors such as physical and political
environment, socio-economic status, personal coping skills and many other circumstances,
and it is inappropriate to blame or credit a person’s health to himself alone because he is
unlikely to control many of these factors.
  Understanding the multidimensional nature of health will enable her to plan and
implement health promoting interventions for individuals and communities.
  Uses her skills in advocacy for the creating of a supportive environment through policies
and reengineering of the physical environment for healthier actions.
  As an educator, the nurse provides clients with information that allows them to make
healthier choices and practices.
  Health education is a major component of any public health program.
  PHN are expected to teach on a daily basis as part of their practices.
1. Training Function

  Initiates the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and other
auxillary workers - Does training needs assessment for these health workers, designs the training
program and conducts them in collaboration with other resource persons.
  Also does evaluation of training.
  PHN participates in the training of nursing and midwifery affiliates in coordination with the
faculty of colleges of nursing and midwifery.
 Participates in teaching, guidance and supervision of student affiliates for their RLEs in the
community setting.
  Health promotion calls for the active participation of the community.
  Mobilize communities for health actions.
  Community organizing is a means of mobilizing people to solve their own problems.
 Through this, people learn that their problems have social causes and fighting back is a more
reasonable, dignified approach than passive acceptance and personal alienation.
 Evolution of Nursing
1898 Department of Health was first established as Department of Public Works, Education and Hygiene.

1912 ➢ The Fajardo Act (Act No. 2156) created Sanitary Divisions.
➢ The President of Sanitary Division took charge of two or three municipalities. Where there are no
physicians available, male nurses were assigned to perform the duties of the President, Sanitary
Division.
➢ Philippine General Hospital (PGH), then under the Bureau of Health sent
four nurses to Cebu to take of mothers and their babies.
➢ St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing in Intramuros, also assigned two nurses to do home visiting in
Manila and gave nursing care to mothers and newborn babies from the outpatient obstetrical service
of the PGH.

1914 - School nursing was rendered by a nurse employed by the Bureau of Health in Tacloban, Leyte.
- Reorganization Act No. 2462 created the Office of General Inspection.
- Dr. Rosario Pastor a lady physician was headed the Office of District Nursing.
- Two graduate Filipino nurses, Mrs. Casilang Eustaquia and Mrs. Matilde Azurin were employed for
Maternal and Child Health and Sanitation in Manila under an American nurse, Mrs. G.D. Schudder.
1919 - The first Filipino nurse Supervisor under the Bureau of Health, Miss
Carmen del Rosario was appointed. She succeeded Miss Mabel Dabbs.

1923 - Two government Schools of Nursing were established: Zamboanga

General Hospital School of Nursing in Mindanao and Baguio General
Hospital in Northern Luzon. These schools were primarily intended to
train non-Christian women and prepare them to render service among
their people.
- Four more government School of Nursing were establish: one in
Southern Luzon (Quezon Province) and three in the Visayan Islands of
Cebu, Bohol and Leyte.
1927 - The Office of District Nursing under the Office of General Inspection,
Philippine Health Service was abolished and supplanted by the Section of
  Public Health Nursing. Mrs. Genara de Guzman acted as consultant to the Director
of Health on nursing matters.
1928
- First convention of nurses was held followed by yearly conventions until the
advent of World War II. Pre-service training was initiated as a pre-requisite for
appointment.
1930
- The Section of Public Health Nursing was converted into Section of Nursing. The
Section of Nursing was transferred from the Office of General Services to the
Division of Administration. This Office covered the supervision and guidance of
nurses in the provincial hospitals and the government schools of nursing.
1933
- Reorganization Act No. 4007 transferred the Division of Maternal and Child
Health of the Office of Public Welfare Commission to the Bureau of Health.
- Mrs. Soledad A. Buenafe, former Assistant Superintendent of Nurses of the
Public Welfare Commission was appointed as Assistant Chief Nurse of the
Section of Nursing, Bureau of Health.
1941 - Bureau of Health were transferred to the new department.
- Dr. Mariano Icasiano became the first City Health Officer of Manila.
- An office of Nursing was organized with Mrs. Vicenta C. Ponce. As Chief
Nurse and Mrs. Rosario A. Ordiz as Assistant Chief Nurse.
Dec 8. 1941
- World War II broke out, public health nurses in Manila were assigned to
devastated areas to attend to the sick and the wounded.
1942
- A group of public health nurses, physicians and administrators from the Manila
Health Department went to the internet camp in Capas, Tarlac to receive sick
prisoners of war repleased by the Japanese Army.
- They were confined at San Lazaro Hospital and 68 Public Health Nurses were
assigned to help the hospital staff take care of them.
-
July 1942
- 31 nurses who were taken prisoners of war by the Japanese army and confined
at the Bilibid Prison in Manila were released to the Director of the Bureau of
Health, Dr. Eusebio Aguilar who acted as their guarantor.
- Many public health nurses joined the guerillas or went to hide in the
mountains during World War II.
February - Post war records of the Bureau of Health showed that there were 308 public
1946 health nurses and 38 supervisors compared to pre-war when there were 556
public health nurses and 38 supervisors.
- Mrs. Genera M. de Guzman, Technical Assistant in Nursing of the Department
of Health and concurrent President of the Filipino Nurses Association
recommended the creation of a Nursing Office in the Department of Health.
 Oct. 7, 1947 - Executive Order No. 94 organized government offices and created the
Division of Nursing under the Office of the Secretary of Health. This was
implemented on
December 16,
- Mrs. Genara de Guzman was appointed as Chief of the Division, with three
1947
Assistant: Miss Annie Sand for Nursing Education; Mrs. Magdalena C.
Valenzuela for Public Health Nursing and Mrs. Patrocinio J. Montellano for
Staff Education.
- At the Bureau of Health, the Section of Nursing Supervision took over the
functions of the former Section of Nursing. - Mrs. Soledad Buenafe was
appointed Chief and Miss Marcela Gabatin, Assistant Chief.
1948
- The first training Center of the Bureau of Health was organized in
cooperation with the Pasay City Health Department. This was housed at the
Tabon Health Center located in a marginalized part of the city. It was later
renamed as Doña Marta Health Center.
- Physicians and nurses undergoing pre-service and in-service training in
public health/public health nursing as well as nursing student on affiliation
were assigned to the above training center.
1950
- The Rural Health Demonstration and Training Center (RHDTC) was
established by the Department of Health through the initiative of Dr.
Hilario Lara, Dean, institute of Hygiene, now College of Public Health,
University of the Philippines.
- The WHO/UNICEF assisted project used health centers of the Quezon City
Health Department, which were located in the rural areas of the city.
- Dr. Amansia S. Mangay (Mrs. Andres Angara), a Doctor of Public Health
Graduate form Harvard was chosen tobe the Chief of the RHDTC.
- Dr. Antonio V. Acosta, former Physician of the Manila Health Department
was Medical Training Officer.
1953
- The Office of Health Education and Personnel Training was established
with Dr. Trinidad Gomez as Chief
- Philippine Congress approved Republic Act No. 1082 or the Rural Health
Law. It created the first 81 Rural Health Units.
1957
- Republic Act 1891 was approved amending Sections Two, Three, Four, Seven
and Eight of R.A. 1082 :Strengthening Health and Dental Services in the Rural
  Areas and Providing Funds thereto.”
1958-1965
- Republic Act 977 passed by Congress in 1954 was implemented. This abolished
the Division of Nursing. However, it created nursing positions at different
levels in the health organization. Miss Annie Sand was appointed Nursing
Consultant under the Office of the Secretary of Health.
- The Department of Health National League of Nurses, Inc. was founded by Miss
Annie Sand in 1961. She became its first President and Adviser.
- The Reorganization Act with implementing details embodied in Executive
Order 288, series of 1959 de-centralized and integrated health services.
- The reorganization of 1959 also merged two Bereaus in the Department of
Health. The Bureau of Health was merged with the Bureau of Hospitals to form
the Bureau of Health and Medical Services.

1967
- In the Burea of Disease Control, Mrs. Zenaida Panlilio – Nisce was appointed as
Nursing Program Supervisor and served as consultant on the nursing aspects of the 5
special diseases: TB, Leprosy, Venereal Disease, Cancer, Filariasis, and Mental
Health.
1974
- The Project Management Staff was organized as part of Population II of the
Philippine Government with Dr. Francisco Aguilar as Project Manager.
 1975
- The roles of the public health nurse and the midwife were expanded. 2000
midwives were recruited and trained to serve in the rural areas.

1987-1989
- Executive Order No. 119 reorganized the Department of Health and
created several offices and services within the Depratment of Health.

1990-1992
- Department Order No. 29 designated Mrs. Neila F. Hizon, Nurse VI, then
President of the National League of Philippine Government Nurses, as
Nursing Adviser. She was detailed at the Office Public Health Services. As
Nursing Adviser, matters affecting nurses and nursing are referred to her.
May 24, 1999
- Executive Order No. 102 was signed by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada,
redirecting the functions and operations of the Department of Health.

2005-2006
- The development of the Rationalization Plan to streamline the
bureaucracy further was started and is in the last stages of finalization.
Philosophy of CHN
 


•A philosophy is defined as a system of beliefs that provides a basis for a guides action. A philosophy
provides the direction and describes the whats, the whys, and the hows of activities within a profession.
 


•CHN Practice is guided by the following beliefs:

Humanistic values of the nursing profession upheld

Unique and distinct component of health care
Multiple factors of health considered
Active participation of clients encouraged
Nurse considers availability of resources
Interdependence among health team members practiced Scientific and up-to-date
Tasks of CHN vary with time and place
Independence or self-reliance of the people is the end goal
Connectedness of health and development regarded
 

• The Community is the patient in CHN; The Family is the Unit of
Care; and there are four levels of clientele: Individual, Family,
Population Group (those who share common characteristics,
developmental stages, and common exposure to health problems—
e.g. children, elderly), and the Community
• In CHN, the client is considered as an Active Partner, not a passive
recipient of care.
• CHN Practice is affected by developments in Health Technology, in
Particular, Changes in Society, in General.
• The goal of CHN is achieved through Multi-Sectoral Efforts
• CHN is a part of the Health Care System and the larger Human
Services System
Roles of the Public Health Nurse
 
A. Roles of the CHN
➢ Clinician or Health Care Provider: utilizes the nursing process in the care of the
client in the home setting through home visits and in public health care facilities;
conducts referral of patients to appropriate levels of care when necessary
➢ Health Educator: utilizes teaching skills to improve the health knowledge, skills
 and attitude of the individual, family and the community and conducts health
information campaigns to various groups for the purpose of health promotion
and disease prevention
➢ Coordinator and collaborator: establishes linkages and collaborative
 relationships with other health professionals, government agencies, the private
sector, non-government organizations and people’s organizations to address
health problems
 ➢ Supervisor: monitors and supervises the performance of midwives and other
auxiliary health workers; also initiates the formulation of staff development and
training programs for midwives and other auxiliary health workers as part of
their training function as supervisors
➢ Leader and Change Agent: influences people to participate in the overall process
of community development
➢ Manager: organizes the nursing service component of the local health agency or
local government unit; also, as program manager, the PHN is responsible for the
delivery of the package of services provided by the health program to target
clientele

➢Researcher: participates in the conduct of research and utilizes

research findings in practice
Responsibilities of the CHN
➢ Be a part in developing an overall health plan, its implementation and
evaluation for communities.
➢ Provide quality nursing services to the four levels of clientele
➢ Maintain coordination/linkages with other health team members,
NGO/ government agencies in the provision of public health
services
➢ Conduct researches relevant to CHN services to improve provision of
health care
➢ Provide opportunities for professional growth and continuing education
for staff development
Specialized Fields of CHN
➢Community Mental Health Nursing: a unique clinical
process which includes an integration of concepts from
nursing, mental health, social psychology, psychology,
community networks, and the basic sciences
➢Occupational Health Nursing: the application of nursing
principles and
procedures conserving the health of workers in all
occupation
➢School Health Nursing: the application of nursing theories
and principles in the care of the school population
References:

Maglaya, A.S., Nursing Practice in the Community, 5th Edition, Argonauta Corporation,
2009. https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/state-of-global-health
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/senior-health/common-issues/top-ten.aspx https://
www.slideshare.net/csteve21/updated-community-health-nursing
https://www.slideshare.net/MarkFredderickAbejo/community-health-nursing
HOMEWORK NO. 2
 Read and Make an outline on the following:

1. What are the MDGs and SDGs?

2. Discuss the following regarding DOH

A. Mission-Vision

B. Historical Background

C. Local health system and devolution of health services

3. What are the classification of health facilities (DOH AO-0012A)?

4. What is the Philippine Agenda 2010-2022?
5. Discuss the following on the Primary Health care:
a. history
b. legal basis
c. definition
d. goals
e. elements
f. principles and strategies
6. What are the levels of prevention?
7. Discuss the following about Universal health care:
a. legal basis
b. background and rationale
c. objective and thrusts