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Explain different types of networks.
Below are few types of networks:
Type
PAN (Personal Area Network)
LAN (Local Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
GAN (Global Area Network)
Description
Let devices connect and communicate over the range of a
person. E.g. connecting Bluetooth devices.
It is a privately owned network that operates within and nearby
a single building like a home, office, or factory
It connects and covers the whole city. E.g. TV Cable connection
over the city
It spans a large geographical area, often a country or continent.
The Internet is the largest WAN
It is also known as the Internet which connects the globe using
satellites. The Internet is also called the Network of WANs.
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What are the advantages of using a VPN?
Below are few advantages of using VPN:
• VPN is used to connect offices in different geographical locations remotely and is cheaper when compared to WAN connections.
• VPN is used for secure transactions and confidential data transfer between multiple offices located in different geographical locations.
• VPN keeps an organization’s information secured against any potential threats or intrusions by using virtualization.
•       VPN encrypts the internet traffic and disguises the online identity.

What are the different types of VPN?

Few types of VPN are:
• Access VPN: Access VPN is used to provide connectivity to remote mobile users and telecommuters. It serves as an alternative to dial-up
connections or ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) connections. It is a low-cost solution and provides a wide range of connectivity.
• Site-to-Site VPN: A Site-to-Site or Router-to-Router VPN is commonly used in large companies having branches in different locations to connect
the network of one office to another in different locations. There are 2 sub-categories as mentioned below:
• Intranet VPN: Intranet VPN is useful for connecting remote offices in different geographical locations using shared infrastructure (internet
connectivity and servers) with the same accessibility policies as a private WAN (wide area network).
• Extranet VPN: Extranet VPN uses shared infrastructure over an intranet, suppliers, customers, partners, and other entities and connects them
using dedicated connections.

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What are Private and Special IP addresses?
Private Address: For each class, there are specific IPs that are reserved specifically for private use only. This IP address
cannot be used for devices on the Internet as they are non-routable.
Special Address: IP Range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses also known as loopback
addresses are the special IP address.

IPv4 Class Private IPv4 Start Address Private IPv4 End Address
A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255

C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

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What is an IPv4 address? What are the different classes of IPv4?
An IP address is a 32-bit dynamic address of a node in the network. An IPv4 address has 4 octets of 8-bit each with
each number with a value up to 255.
IPv4 classes are differentiated based on the number of hosts it supports on the network. There are five types of IPv4
classes and are based on the first octet of IP addresses which are classified as Class A, B, C, D, or E.

IPv4 Class IPv4 Start Address IPv4 End Address Usage

A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255 Used for Large Network

Used for Medium Size

B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
Network

C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 Used for Local Area Network

D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Reserved for Multicasting
E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 Study and R&D

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Thank You

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