THE

EMERGENCE OF
SOCIAL SCIENCE
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CECONOMIC
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-HISTORY
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 HISTORICAL
FOUNDATION
OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
1ANCIENT TIMES
• There was no distinction between the disciplines
now considered the liberal arts and the sciences.
• There was no difference between mathematics and
the study of history, poetry, or politics.
ARISTOTLE
• He studied planetary motion and
poetry with the same method.

PLATO
• Mixed geometrical proofs with his
demontration on the state of intrinsic
knowledge.
• Only with the development of mathematical
proof did there gradually arise a perceived
difference between “scientific” disciplines
and others, the “humanities” or the liberal
arts.
2 MEDIEVAL
TIMES
• Theorizing was transferred to the priesthood and a
group of scholars knowns as the SCHOLASTICS.
 THOMAS
AQUINAS
• In 13th century, in his Summa
Theologiae, he developed ideas about
man and society that contain political,
social, economic, anthropological, and
geographical conceptions.
• In the second half of 18th century,
urbanization and population growth became
accelerated, and during this period slums,
alcoholism, brutality of manners developed
which were to become the targets of social
reforms.
 AUGUSTE
• He invented the term sociology, he
COMTE
was the first to systematize and give a
complete analysis of the principles of
the positive character of social
sciences.
• His principle was also supported by Emile Durkheim,
another sociologist, who initiated the study of “social
facts”.
• Montesquieu and Voltaire broke a new path for politics
and history.
• Karl Max gave the first general theory of social science
and introduced the materials analysis of history which
discounts religious and metaphysical explanation for
historical development.
SOCIAL FACTS
- consist of manners of acting, thinking, and feeling
external to the individual.

MATERIAL and NON MATERIAL

MATERIAL (Technology, housing arrangements,
population distribution, etc.
NON MATERIAL (Norms, values, roles “ways of acting,
thinking, and feeling” systems “language, currency,
professional practices.”
 3DEVELOPMENT
• Statistics became a free-standing discipline of
applied mathematics, in the first half of the
20th century.
• Statistical methods were used by such pioneers
as Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin.
Psychologist, Sociologist,
Economist, and other Social
Scientists...
 SIGMUND
FREUD and
WILLIAM JAMES
• the first thinkers to attempt to
combine inquiry of the type saw in
Darwin with exploration of human
relationships.
• Freud’s theory of the functioning of
the mind, and James, work on
experimental psychology.
 OTHER PERSONALITIES THAT
SHAPED SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
THEIR CONTRIBUTION
• Nicolaus Copernicus – Scientific Revolution refers to
historical changes in thought and belief, to changes in
social and institutional organization, that unfolded in
Europe.
• Isaac Newton – proposed universal laws of motion and
mechanical model of the universe. Laid the foundation
that allowed science and technology to change the
world.
• Francis Bacon – established the supremacy of reason over
imagination.
• Rene Descartes – French Philosopher, mathematician,
and writer who considered the of Father of modern
philosophy. Advocated the use of rigorous philosophical
analysis to arrive the truth rather than basing them to
dogmas.
• Martin Luther – Organized the protestant movement and
eroded the power of the Roman Catholic
• Immanuel Kant – Challenge the use of Metaphysics or
absolute truth derived mainly from unjustified tradition
and authority such as the existence of God. Advocated
the use of reason in order to know the nature of the word and
human beings.
• Max Weber – One of the leading figures in modern sociology
and described this process as Rationalization, which
means that social life is more and more subjected to
calculation and prediction.
• Francois Lyotard – French Sociologist points out science
triumphed because it provided reliable results.
• Harriet Martineau – founding mother of sociology, a social
scientist shifted their attention to non-western world as
a model of the early stage of Western Civilization.
• George Simmel – German Sociologist in the early 20th
century, to decry the growing depersonalization of life
due to the introduction of money. The Rise of
Individualism
• Franz Boas – considered as the father of modern American
Anthropology. The first to have rejected the biological
basis of racism or racial discrimination.
• Bronislaw Malinowski -contributed to the development of
modern anthropology. Participation Observation, a social
science research that requires the anthropologists to
have the ability to participate and blend with the way of
life of a given group of people.
GROUP
ACTIVITY
Instructions: Make your CREATIVE TIMELINE
on the development of Social Science. Present
your activity in the class in a creative and
interesting way.
ACTIVITY 2
Instructions: Write a 250-300 word essay and answer the guide
question below.
Among all the discipline of Social Science, What is the
significance in studying Social Science? And if given a chance
what particular area of social science you would like to develop
and why?
RUBRICS:
CONTENT- 10 PTS.
DYNAMICS- 10 PTS.
TOTAL = 20 PTS.
Thank you!