OBJECTIVES -MODULE-2

Describe the interconversion of

matter and change of states.
Define gas pressure
Evaluate the relationship of Gas
pressure with temperature and
volume of a gas
 Boiling

or Freezing
Melting
 Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid at a
fixed temperature.
 When a solid is heated the particles gain kinetic
energy and start to vibrate faster about their fixed
position.
 At the melting point, the particles obtain sufficient
energy to overcome the forces of
attraction between them.
 The particles break away from their regular pattern.
They can now slide past each other. The solid
becomes a liquid.
Boiling
 Boiling is when a liquid changes into a
gas at a fixed temperature
 When a liquid is heated, the particles gain
kinetic energy and move further apart.
 At the boiling point, the attractive forces
in the liquid are broken.
 Bubbles of gaseous particles escape from
the liquid. The substance becomes gas.
 Condensation
cccon
 Gas to liquid
This occurs at the
Condensation point

 When a gas is cooled, the particles lose kinetic

energy .
 The attractive forces become great enough to
keep the particles closer together as a liquid.
 At the condensation point the particles will no
longer have any energy to move around.
 As a result gas turns to liquid.
 Freezing – Liquid to Solid .This occurs at
the freezing point
 When a liquid is cooled, the particles lose
their kinetic energy. At the freezing point ,
the particles no longer have the energy to
slide over each other.
 The forces of attraction can hold the
particles together in a regular pattern. The
substance becomes solid.
Sublimation

 When a solid changes directly into a gas

 This happens to only a few solids such as iodine or solid
carbon dioxide.
 The reverse reaction also happens and is also called
deposition.
 The solid particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster.
 At the sublimation point, the forces of attraction
between the particles are completely broken and they
escape from the solid as a gas.
What is Evaporation?
 Evaporation the process by which a
liquid turns to a gas below its boiling
point. 
 This is why damp clothes dry when they
are hung from a washing line.
Predicting a physical state
 The state of a substance at a given temperature can
be predicted if its melting point and boiling point are
known. The table summarises how to work this out.
 The melting point of oxygen is -218°C
and its boiling point is -183°C. Predict
the state of oxygen at -200°C.
What is gas pressure?
Gaseous particles are in
and random motion..
The pressure that a gas creates
inside a closed container is
produced by the gaseous particles
hitting the inside walls of the
container.
 As the temperature increases, the
particles in the gas move faster,
impacting the container’s walls
more frequently.
Therefore an increase in
temperature causes an increase in
pressure.
Squeeze a gas to a smaller space ?

FIG 2

FIG 1
Things to do:
View the voice over presentation – 15 minutes
Write notes from the presentation. Include the chart
in your class work – 20 minutes
Clearing doubts – 10 minutes
Solve the crossword puzzle after viewing the
presentation and discuss-15 minutes
Home Assignment - Solve the worksheet -1 and
paste it in your class work for later discussion.