PSYCHOSOCIAL DYNAMIC

IN CAUSATION OF
DISEASE
Manoj Kumar Sharma
Assistant professor RCN, FCN
‘‘MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO’’
MEANS …“HEALTHY MIND IN
A HEALTHY BODY”
 INTRODUCTION

• What is your concept about health ?

• What is your concept about disease ?

 DEFINITION OF HEALTH

“The condition of being sound in body, mind

or spirit, especially freedom from physical
disease or pain” - Webster

“Soundness of body or mind; that condition

in which its functions are duly and
efficiently discharged” - Oxford English
DEFINITION CONT.
‘‘A state of relative equilibrium of body
form and function which result from its
successful dynamic adjustment to forces
tending to disturb it. It is not passive
interplay between body substances and
forces impinging upon it but an active
response of body forces working toward
readjustment” - Perkins
DEFINITION CONT.

“Health is a state of complete physical,

mental and social wellbeing and not
merely an absence of disease or infirmity”.

- Constitution of the WHO

July 1946
 SOME HISTORICAL
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
• The Varieties of Health

• Health as Balance

• Health as Well-Being
 CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
Biomedical Concept - “absence of disease”
• Human body = Machine,
• Disease = Consequence of the
break down of machine
• Doctor’s task = repair of
machine.

Limitation- it has minimized the role of

environmental, social, psychological &
cultural determinants of health.
Ecological Concept
• Health = It is a dynamic equilibrium
between man & his environment.
• Disease = It is the maladjustment of
human organisms to the environment.
The concept supports the need for
clean air, safe water, food, atmosphere etc.
to protect us from exposure to unhealthy
factors.
Psycho - Social Concept

Health is not only a biomedical

phenomenon, but one which is in influenced
by social psychological, cultural, economic
and political factors of the people concerned.
Holistic Concept
• Biomedical + ecological + psychosocial
concept.
• It has been defined as unified or
multidimensional process involving the
well being of the whole person in the
context of his environment.
• Holistic concept implies that, all sectors
of society have an effect on health.
Positive Health – “Perfect
Functioning”

• This concept is always a mirage

• It Explains the potentialities of an

individual to modify himself to
the society in the face of changing
conditions of life.
 CONCEPT OF WELL-BEING

Components
Objective components
• Standard of
living
•level of living
Subjective component
• Quality of life
 STANDARD OF LIVING

Refers to the usual scale of our

expenditure, the goods we consume and the
service we enjoy. It includes the level of
education, employment status, food, dress,
house, amusement and comforts of modern
living.
 LEVEL OF LIVING
• 9 Components
• Health,
• Food consumption,
• Education,
• Occupation and working condition,
• Housing,
• Social security,
• Clothing,
• Recreation and leisure,
• Human right.
 QUALITY OF LIFE

Quality of life includes perceived sense

of happiness, satisfaction and gratification by
the person
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH SUMMARY
 DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Socio- Ageing of
Health cultural population Science &

system technology

Socio- Informatio
economic n&
communica
tion

Environme
ntal
Gender

Equity &
Behavioral Social
justice
Human
Biological
rights
INDICATORS OF HEALTH
 RESPONSIBILITIES FOR
HEALTH PROMOTION
• Individual Responsibilities

• Community Responsibilities

• National Responsibilities

• International Responsibilities
CONCEPT OF DISEASE
 DEFINITION OF DISEASE
“A condition in which body function is
impaired, departure from a state of health, an
alteration of the human body interrupting
the performance of the vital functions.”
- Webster
The condition of body or some part of
organ of body
in which its functions are
disrupted or
deranged
 THEORIES OF DISEASE
CAUSATION
• Germ theory of disease

• Multi Causal Model of Disease

 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD
Agent Factors
Physical Agents
Chemical Agents
Biological Agents
Nutritional agents

Environmental Factors Host

Physical Environment Factors
Biological Environment Socio-demographic Factors
Social Environment Psycho-social Factors
Intrinsic Characteristics
 WEB OF CAUSATION
Change in life style Stress

Aging &
Abundance of food Smoking Emotional other
factor
Disturbance

Obesity Lack of physical activity Hypertension

Hyperlidemia Increase Changes in

walls of catecholamine
arteri
es
Thrombotic activity

Coronary atherosclerosis
Coronary occlusion

Myocardial Infarction
 THEORIES CONT…

• The Theory of General Susceptibility

• Socio – Environmental Approach

• Social and Psychological Factors

SPECTRUM OF HEALTH
HEALTH AND ILLNESS
 ICEBERG PHENONMENON

Example: Cholera , Polio, hypertension etc.

CONCEPTS OF PREVENTION
RESEARCH ARTICLE
 REFERENCES
1. K. Park. “Preventive and Social Medicine”, 18th edition (2005), Bhanot
Publication, Page No. 13-17

2. Dr. J.P. Baride, Dr. A.P Kulkarni, “Text Book of Community Medicine”, 3rd
edition (2006), Page No. 77-80.

3. G.N Prabhakara, “Short Text Book of Preventive and Social

Medicine”,(2003),Page No. 31-61

4. William R. Lorallo, “Stress and Health, Biological and Psychological

Interaction”, 2rd edition (2008), Page no. 7-18

5. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, American Sociological Association,

www.asanet.org/psycho social dynamics in disease causation.

6. En.wikipedia.org/Disease
THANK YOU……