American

period
• American settlement in the Philippines
began during the Spanish colonial period.
• The period of American colonialization of
the Philippines was 48 years.
• It began with the cession of the Philippines
to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 and lasted
until the U.S. recognition of Philippine
independence in 1946.

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• The United States invaded the Philippines,
which was then governed by Spain as the
Spanish East Indies, during the Spanish–
American War.
• America then held the Philippines until
granting full independence on July 4,
1946.

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 April 1898, June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo
U.S. declared war when the Philippines proclaimed the independence of the
was still a colony of the Spanish East Philippines at his house in Cavite
Indies. El Viejo.

December 10, 1898.

Signing of the Treaty of Paris. Spain
ceded the Philippines to the United
States.
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The Philippine Literature in English
language
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 The Philippine Literature in English
language
✣ Although the Filipinos were defeated in the Philippine-American War, or
Philippine Insurrection as termed by the Americans, they kept the flame of
nationalism burning as ever.

✣ Seeking to find a better solution other than violent means, they resorted
back to the pen. Peace movements started as early as 1900 and many
Filipinos started writing again “after the sword was broken.”

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 The Philippine Literature in English
language
✣ They wrote all forms of literature like news, poetry, stories, plays essays,
novels which clearly depicted their love of country and longing for
independence.

✣ Hence, the spirit of nationalism of the people remained undaunted.

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Notable Filipino Authors and their Works
✣ The forms of literature that emerged during the
American Regime are news, reporting, poetry,
stories, plays, essays, and novels, which talk
about nationalism. Because of this movement,
the Filipino authors’ lives and writings were
often threatened.

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Notable Filipino Authors and their Works
✣ The following are the writers of the newspapers that are against Americans:

1. Sergio Osmeña - EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day) in 1900.

2. Pascual Poblete - EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the

Nation) written during 1900.

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Notable Filipino Authors and their Works
✣ The following are the authors of the play that displays nationalistic theme:

1. Aurelio Tolentino - KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS

(Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow).

2. Juan Abad - TANIKALANG GINTO

3. Severino Reyes - WALANG SUGAT

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Notable Filipino Authors and their Works
✣ The composers of the poem that emerged during the American period:

✣ Cecilio Apostol - He wrote poems dedicated to Philippine heroes,

including Rizal, Jacinto, and Mabini.

✣ Fernando Ma. Guerrero - He made a book called “CRISALIDAS,” which

collects his best poems, including those for Jose Rizal.

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Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified three kinds of
Tagalog poets:
1. Lope K. Santos, Iñigo Ed. Regalado, Carlos Gatmaitan, Pedro Deogracias
del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez, Nemecio Carabana, and
Mar Antonio as POET OF THE HEART (Makatang Puso).
2. Lope K Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes, Patricio
Mariano, Carlos Garmaitan, and Amado V. Hernandez as POETS OF LIFE
(Makata ng Buhay).
3. Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio as
POETS OF THE STAGE (Makata ng Tanghalan).

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 The following are Local Writers during
American Regime:
I. Ilocano Writers

1. Pedro Bukaneg - He is known as a Father of Ilocano

Literature.
2. Claro Caluya - Ilocano poet and novelist.
3. Leon Pichay- A poet, novelist, short story writer, dramatist and
essayist.

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 The following are Local Writers during
American Regime:
✣
II. Kapampangan Writers

✣ 1. Juan Crisostomo Soto - The Father of Kapampangan

Literature.
✣ 2. Aurelio Tolentino - He translated KAHAPON, NGAYON AT
BUKAS into Kapampangan which he called NAPON, NGENI
AT BUKAS.

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 The following are Local Writers during
American Regime:
✣ III. Visayan Writers

1. Eriberto Gumban - A Father of Visayan Literature. A writer of

zarzuela, moro-moro and a play in Visayan.

2. Magdalena Jalandoni - She is the writer of the novel ANG

MGA TUNUK SAN ISA CA BULACLAC.

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