FRACTURE

DEFINITION
A FRACTURE IS ABREAK IN THE CONTINUITY OF BONE

FRACTURE IS A BREAK IN ANY BONE IN THE BODY

 DIRECT CRUSHING
BLOWS FORCES

SUDDEN EXTREME
TWISTING MUSCLE
MOTIONS CONTRACTIONS
TYPES OF FRACTURE
a. Complete Fracture –a break across the entire cross-section of the bone.

b. An Incomplete Fracture – the break occurs through only part of the cross- section of the bone.
a. Closed fracture(simple fracture) is one that does not cause a break
in the skin
b. An open fracture(compound , or complex , fracture) is one in which
the skin or mucous membrane wound extends to the fractured bone.

Open fractures are graded according to the following criteria:

Grade I is a clean wound less than 1 cm long.

Grade II is a larger wound without extensive soft tissue damage.

Grade III is highly contaminated, has extensive soft tissue, and is the most
severe
CLASSIFICATION According to the
Anatomical placement
Greenstick fracture
A fracture in which one side of a bone is broken while the other is bent (like a
green stick)
Spiral fracture
A fracture, sometimes called torsion fracture in which a bone has been
twisted apart
Comminuted Fracture
A fracture, in which bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of
pieces
Transverse fracture
A fracture, in which the break is across the bone, at a right angle to the long
axis of the bone .
Compound fracture
A fracture in which the bone is sticking through the skin. Also
called an open fracture.
Compression fracture
A fracture caused by compression, the act of pressing together. Compression
fractures of the vertebrae are especially common with osteoporosis
Diagnosis of fracture

- History collect ion

- Physical examination
- X-ray
- CT scan
- MRI scan
 Symptoms:
The symptoms of a bone fracture vary greatly according to the affected area and its severity, and according to the affected bone, in addition to the
patient’s age and general health, as well as the severity of the injury. However, symptoms are often:

• Severe pain, swelling and bruising.

• Discoloration of the skin around the affected area( in the form of a bruise).
• A curvature may occur in the affected area as a result of the fracture .
• Inability to move the affected area.
• If the fracture is open, bleeding will occur as a result of a skin laceration .
• If the fracture occurs to large bones (such as: pale skin, feeling nauseous, and fainting).
First Aid for fractures:
 Stop the bleeding if the fracture has a laceration of the skin by applying pressure on the wound
using a sterile bandage or a clean piece of cloth.
 The affected area should not be moved; Because moving it can lead to severe complication,
especially if the fracture is in the neck or spine.
 The affected area should be cooled by placing ice cubes with a clean cloth and the place on the
affected area in order to reduce swelling and pain.
 When the patient feels faint or is breathing short and rapid breaths, the injured person should
be placed in a suitable position so that his head is slightly lower than the torso. If possible his
legs can be raised in order to overcome the symptoms of shock.
 Call an ambulance to request help and transfer the injured person to the emergency department
to take the necessary measures, such as examinations and treatment.