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Mixtures and separation

techniques. 
Mixtures
What is a mixture?
• A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances that
aren't chemically joined. For example, water and salt are separate
substances that once mixed, create a mixture - seawater.
• Mixtures are the product of the combination of compounds and
elements without chemical change, so that each substance retains its
original properties and remains its own substance.
• Because of this, mixtures can be separated into their components,
becoming individual substances once more without a chemical
reaction. This can be done using specific methods like filtration and
distillation.
Separation techniques
Methods Of Separating Mixtures
• Handpicking
• Sieving
• Magnetic Separation
• Evaporation
• Filtration
• Chromatography
Hand picking
• This method involves simply picking
out all the unwanted substances by
hand and separating them from
useful ones. The separated
substances may be an impurity that
has to be thrown away or maybe that
both the separated substances are
useful. 
Sieving
• It is done to separate mixtures
that contain substances mostly of
different sizes. The mixture is
passed through the pores of the
sieve. All the smaller substances
pass through easily while the
bigger components of the mixture
are retained.
Magnetic Separation

• When one substance in the

mixture has some magnetic
properties then this method is
quite useful. Strong magnets are
commonly used to separate
magnetic elements.
Evaporation
• Evaporation is a technique that is
used in separating a mixture,
usually a solution of a solvent and
a soluble solid. In this method,
the solution is heated until the
solvent evaporates where it turns
into a gas and mostly leaves
behind the solid residue.
Filtration
• The most common method of
separating a liquid from an insoluble
solid is the filtration. Take, for
example, the mixture of sand and
water. Filtration is used here to
remove solid particles from the
liquid. Various filtering agents are
normally used like filtering paper or
other materials.
Chromatography

• This technique is used to separate

substances that
have different solubilities in each
solvent.
 Practice
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