LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Identify the different types of sources of information.

• Describe the role of media in dissemination of information and its impact on society.
• Evaluate information from different sources.
USING INFORMATION
FROM VARIOUS
SOURCES
LESSON 1 – QUARTER 1
METHODS OF GATHERING
INFORMATION
GATHERING INFORMATION
• Listening / Watching
• Reading
• Questioning
• Interviewing
• Surveying
METHODS OF GATHERING INFORMATION
• Listening / Watching
• Reading
• Questioning
• Interviewing
• Surveying
COMMON SOURCES OF INFORMATION
• News reports
• Text books
• Articles
• Speeches
• Informative Talks
• Panel Discussions
• Interviews
CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES
TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES
1. Primary Sources
- original materials or firsthand accounts created at the time of an event or shortly afterward
- provide direct evidence or information about a subject without interpretation or analysis
by others
- include diaries, letters, photographs, original research studies, speeches, interviews,
autobiographies, official documents, and artifacts
TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES
2. Secondary Sources
- interpret, analyze, or summarize primary sources and other information.
- created by people who did not directly experience or participate in the events they’re
discussing
- include books, articles, documentaries, and reviews that provide analysis, commentary,
or interpretations of primary sources
TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES
3. Tertiary Sources
- compilations of primary and secondary sources.
- provide an overview or general understanding of a topic without delving into detailed analysis
- include encyclopedias, dictionaries, textbooks, and some websites that provide
condensed information and background context.
ROLE OF MEDIA IN INFORMATION
DISSEMINATION
MEDIA’S ROLE IN INFO DISSEMINATION

• Media acts as a vital channel for sharing news and information with the public.
• Various platforms like newspapers, TV, radio, and online sources reach diverse audiences.
• Tailored content delivery caters to different preferences and interests of audiences.
SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION
• Media outlets have distinct perspectives that influence how they present information.
• Audiences often rely on media to form opinions on current events and societal matters.
• Biased reporting occurs when media reflects specific viewpoints or agendas.
IMPACT OF BIAS REPORTING
• Biased reporting distorts facts, misrepresents information, or excludes relevant details.
• Misinformation and perpetuation of stereotypes can result from biased reporting.
• Polarization of society and closed-mindedness may emerge due to exposure to one-sided
views.
CRITICAL THINKING AND MEDIA LITERACY
• Consumers must recognize potential biases in media sources.
• Developing critical thinking skills helps evaluate information objectively.
• Seeking diverse perspectives from various sources promotes well-informed decisions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
INFORMATION
ACCURACY
• correctness and truthfulness of information
• based on verifiable facts and reliable sources, ensuring that the information aligns with
reality
• A news article reporting the correct statistics on a recent scientific discovery demonstrates
accuracy.
RELEVANCE

• indicates how closely information aligns with the topic or issue being explored.
• Avoiding irrelevant information helps maintain focus and efficiency in research and
decision-making.
• Example: In a research paper about climate change, including data about greenhouse gas
emissions is relevant.
CREDIBILITY
• assesses the trustworthiness and reliability of the source providing the information
• Evaluating the credentials of authors, publishers, and platforms helps determine the
credibility of information.
• Example: Information published by reputable scientific journals is often considered
credible due to rigorous peer-review processes.
TIMELINESS
• freshness and currency of the information
• Outdated information might not accurately represent the current state of events or
knowledge.
• Example: News articles reporting recent election results provide timely information
relevant to the present moment.
OBJECTIVITY
• relates to the neutrality and lack of bias in the information presented
• Sources that exhibit bias might skew the information in favor of a particular perspective
or agenda.
• Example: Encyclopedias strive to provide objective information by presenting facts and
avoiding personal viewpoints.
COMPLETENESS
• ensures that information is comprehensive and includes all relevant details needed for a
thorough understanding
• Incomplete information might omit crucial aspects, leading to misunderstandings or
misinterpretations.
• Example: A research paper discussing the causes and effects of a historical event should
cover all significant aspects.
EXERCISE A
Classify the sources as PRIMARY, SECONDARY, OR TERTIARY.
1. Letter
2. Dictionary
3. Biography
4. Autobiography
5. Movie Review
TRUE OR FALSE?

6. Primary sources of information include summaries and reviews.

7. Tertiary sources provide a deep and direct understanding of events.
8. Different media outlets can shape public opinion by presenting information in a certain way.
9. The media's influence on public opinion is limited to entertainment.
10. Media literacy involves recognizing potential biases in media sources.
EXERCISE B
For each statement below, indicate whether it is True or False. If the statement is false,
briefly explain why.
1. Media plays a minimal role in disseminating information to the public.
2. Different media outlets target the same audience with identical content.
3. Biased reporting can lead to the spread of stereotypes and misinformation.
4. Critical thinking skills help individuals evaluate information objectively.
5. The six characteristics of good information include accuracy and objectivity.
PRIMARY, SECONDARY, OR TERTIARY?
6. CCTV Footage
7. Commentary
8. Databases
9. Indices
10. Diary
CLOSURE
• Classification of Sources of information
• Methods of Gathering Information
• Role of Media in Information Dissemination
• Characteristics of Good Information
INSTRUCTIONS

Read the provided text and evaluate it based on the six characteristics of good information:
accuracy, credibility, relevance, timeliness, objectivity, and completeness. Rate its
performance on each characteristic on a scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 represents poor and 5
represents excellent) and provide a brief explanation for your rating.
(Wait for the Word file which contains the text for evaluation. I will upload it later.)
SAMPLE TEXT EVALUATION

"The Effects of Screen Time on Children's Development"

In today's digital age, children are exposed to screens from a young age. While technology
offers educational opportunities, concerns have emerged about the potential effects of
excessive screen time on children's development, including cognitive and social skills.

Accuracy:
4 - The text acknowledges the concerns about screen time on children's development, but it
doesn't provide specific studies or data to support its claims.
SAMPLE TEXT EVALUATION

Credibility:
3 - The text doesn't mention any sources or studies, which decreases its credibility. Adding references to
reputable research would enhance its credibility.

Relevance:
5 - The topic is highly relevant to parents, educators, and anyone involved with children's well-being, as screen
time is a prevalent issue in today's society.

Timeliness:
4 - The text doesn't specify a publication date or mention recent research, so it's challenging to assess its
timeliness.
SAMPLE TEXT EVALUATION

Objectivity:
3 - While the text acknowledges both potential benefits and concerns of screen time, it doesn't delve into a balanced discussion of
opposing viewpoints.

Completeness:
4 - The text introduces the topic of screen time and its potential effects on children's development, but it could provide more in-
depth information and address various factors.

Explanation:
The text touches on the topic of screen time and children's development, but it lacks specific references to studies or data to support
its claims, reducing its accuracy and credibility. Although it acknowledges both benefits and concerns of screen time, it could benefit
from a more balanced discussion of opposing viewpoints, thus improving its objectivity. Additionally, providing more
comprehensive information and addressing various aspects of screen time's impact would enhance the overall quality of the text.