Animal Science

REVIEW FOR AGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERING LICENSURE EXAM

OLIVER F. CELESTINO, MSc

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, CLSU
The act of giving birth in sheep
 lambing
Meat from sheep over one year of age
 mutton
The wool of sheep
 fleece
A sexually mature male goat
 buck or billy
A sexually mature female goat
 doe or nanny
A young goat
 kid
The act of giving birth in goats
 kidding
A castrated male sheep or goat
 wether
Meat from goats
 chevon
The fiber of an Angora goat
 mohair
A group of sheep and goats
 flock
A male pig of breeding age
 boar
A mature female pig that has produced young
 sow
A castrated male pig
 barrow
An immature female pig
 gilt
The act of giving birth for pigs
 farrowing
A set of eight very sharp teeth in swine that
are usually cut off of one to three days old
piglets to prevent injury to other and sow's
udders
 needle teeth
A sexually mature male horse
 stallion or stud
An intact male donkey
 jack
A sexually mature female horse
 mare
A female donkey
 jenny or jennet
An immature female horse
 filly
An immature male horse
 colt
A castrated male horse
 gelding
A young horse of either sex still nursing
 foal
A species cross resulting from mating a mare
to a jack; it is sterile
 mule
A sexually mature male horse or collection of
breeding stallions at the same location
 stud
The offspring of a stallion X jenny cross
 hinny
The term includes chickens, turkeys, geese,
pigeons, peafowl, guinea fowl, and game
birds
 poultry
A sexually mature female that lays eggs
 hen
A young male chicken not yet capable of
sexual reproduction
 cockerel
A mature male chicken
 cock or rooster
An immature female chicken. Becomes a hen
when laying of eggs start
 pullet
A hen that is kept for egg production
 layer
A male turkey
 tom
A young chicken that has recently been hatched
 chick
The egg laying process is called
 oviposition
An individual grown from a single somatic cell
of its parent and genetically identical to it
 clone
Refers to cattle
 bovine
Refers to horses
 equine
Refers to swine (pig)
 porcine
Refers to goats
 caprine
Refers to sheep
 ovine
The removal of the testicles
 castration
The removal of the ovaries from the female
reproductive tract
 spaying
Adaptation of an animal to environmental
factors over a period of days or weeks or even
minutes
 acclimatization
The temperature at which the animal must
make physiological adjustments to maintain
its body temperature.
 critical temperature
The total heating or cooling power of the
environment. Ambient temperature is
affected by wind, humidity, and solar
radiation
 effective temperature
Loss of heat through vaporization of moisture
from the respiratory tract and skin
 evaporation
Animals that maintain a relatively constant
body temperature regardless or external
temperatures
 homeotherms
Range of temperatures where heat loss and
heat production are about the same. Animal
is in comfort zone--no physiological response
to temperature
 thermoneutral zone
What are the factors that affect critical
temperatures?
 haircoat
 subcutaneous fat
 nutrition level
 wetness or dryness of animal
One of the most effective ways to control
heat stress, particularly in swine
 evaporative cooling
Polypeptide hormone, produced by the beta
cells of the islets of Langerhan of the
pancreas, that regulates the metabolism of
glucose and other nutrients
 insulin
Ability of offspring to out perform the
average of the parents breed
 heterosis (hybrid vigor)
An increase in the number of cells
 hyperplasia
An increase in cell size
 hypertrophy
The exchange of heat between two objects
that are not touching. Can result in loss or
gain of heat
 radiation
Exchange of heat from warm to cold between
objects that are touching
 conduction
The “Femur” is classified as what type of bone?
A. long
B. short
C. flat
D. irregular
The “femur” is classified as what type of bone?
A. long
B. short
C. flat
D. irregular
Allowing animals to eat all they want at all
times
 Ad Libitum
The section of the vertebrae that makes up the
neck in cattle, swine, or sheep is the:
A. Coccygeal vertebrae
B. Lumbar vertebrae
C. Sacral vertebrae
D. Cervical vertebrae
The section of the vertebrae that makes up the
neck in cattle, swine, or sheep is the:
A. Coccygeal vertebrae
B. Lumbar vertebrae
C. Sacral vertebrae
D. Cervical vertebrae
The time when a female is not in estrus; the
non-breeding season
 Anestrous period
In what part of the respiratory system are the
passages from the nostrils and the mouth
joined?

A. pharynx
B. trachea
C. bronchi
D. alveoli
In what part of the respiratory system are the
passages from the nostrils and the mouth
joined?

A. pharynx
B. trachea
C. bronchi
D. alveoli
Animals having a common origin and
characteristics that distinguish them from
other groups within the same species
 Breed
Which nutrients have the highest energy value?

A. proteins
B. carbohydrates
C. fiber
D. fats
Which nutrients have the highest energy value?

A. proteins
B. carbohydrates
C. fiber
D. fats
The first milk given by a female following
delivery of her young. Contains high levels
of antibodies which are absorbed by the
young for quick immunity
 Colostrum
The pancreas produces which hormone?
 A. insulin
 B. estrogen
 C. testosterone
 D. thyroxine
The pancreas produces which hormone?
 A. insulin
 B. estrogen
 C. testosterone
 D. thyroxine
Increased growth rate in response to
previous undernourishment
 Compensatory growth
Which major mineral is often lacking in animal
rations is:
 A. selenium
 B. calcium
 C. copper
 D. iodine
Which major mineral is often lacking in animal
rations is:
 A. selenium
 B. calcium
 C. copper
 D. iodine
A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber
content, and highly digestible
 Concentrates
The number of pairs of chromosomes for sheep
is:
 A. 27
 B. 36
 C. 19
 D. 12
The number of pairs of chromosomes for sheep
is:
 A. 27
 B. 36
 C. 19
 D. 12
To eliminate from the breeding population
 Cull
Which gland in the male produces the sperm
cells?
 A. vas deferens
 B. urethra
 C. epididymis
 D. testicles
Which gland in the male produces the sperm
cells?
 A. vas deferens
 B. urethra
 C. epididymis
 D. testicles
This refers to non-lactating females (mare,
cow, ewe, sow)
 Dry
The average age for cattle to reach puberty is:
 A. 10-12 months
 B. 4-6 months
 C. 12-14 months
 D. 6-8 months
The average age for cattle to reach puberty is:
 A. 10-12 months
 B. 4-6 months
 C. 12-14 months
 D. 6-8 months
Controlling the estrous cycle so that a high
percentage of the females in the herd
express estrus at the same time
 Estrus Synchronization
The average length of the estrus cycle in swine
is:
 A. 14 days
 B. 21 days
 C. 28 days
 D. 36 days
The average length of the estrus cycle in swine
is:
 A. 14 days
 B. 21 days
 C. 28 days
 D. 36 days
Asexually mature male cattle. Bull calf used
to denote males under a year of age
 Bull
What is the average number of days in the
length of gestation for sheep?
 A. 114
 B. 121
 C. 148
 D. 162
What is the average number of days in the
length of gestation for sheep?
 A. 114
 B. 121
 C. 148
 D. 162
A female cattle that has produced a calf
 Cow
The release of the egg from the ovary is called:
 A. fertilization
 B. ovulation
 C. parturition
 D. reproduction
The release of the egg from the ovary is called:
 A. fertilization
 B. ovulation
 C. parturition
 D. reproduction
The period of mating activity in the female
 Estrus (Heat)
The Chianina breed of beef cattle which is one
of the oldest originated in which country?
 A. France
 B. Australia
 C. Italy
 D. Egypt
The Chianina breed of beef cattle which is one
of the oldest originated in which country?
 A. France
 B. Australia
 C. Italy
 D. Egypt
The capacity to initiate, sustain, and
support reproduction
 Fertility
Which breed of cattle is classified as a Bos
indicus type?
 A. Pinzgauer
 B. Simmental
 C. Galloway
 D. Brahman
Which breed of cattle is classified as a Bos
indicus type?
 A. Pinzgauer
 B. Simmental
 C. Galloway
 D. Brahman
Term of pregnancy; i.e. 340 days in mare
 Gestation period
Rapid fermentation in the rumen causing too
much gas to be produced:
 A. Enterotoxemia
 B. Founder
 C. Bloat
 D. Brisket Disease
Rapid fermentation in the rumen causing too
much gas to be produced:
 A. Enterotoxemia
 B. Founder
 C. Bloat
 D. Brisket Disease
Half the normal number of chromosomes.
Found in sperm and ova
 Haploid
The oldest known breed of swine developed in
the early 1700’s:
 A. Hampshire
 B. Duroc
 C. Berkshire
 D. Poland China
The oldest known breed of swine developed in
the early 1700’s:
 A. Hampshire
 B. Duroc
 C. Berkshire
 D. Poland China
A period that female produces milk
 Lactation period
The science in livestock production that studies
the way in which traits of parents are passed
on to the offspring is
 A. hybrid vigor
 B. heterosis
 C. meiosis
 D. genetics
The science in livestock production that studies
the way in which traits of parents are passed
on to the offspring is
 A. hybrid vigor
 B. heterosis
 C. meiosis
 D. genetics
What do you call the sex drive of the male
 Libido
What takes place when a sperm cell from the
male reaches an egg cell from the female?
 A. mitosis
 B. cell coding
 C. fertilization
 D. spermatozoa
What takes place when a sperm cell from the
male reaches an egg cell from the female?
 A. mitosis
 B. cell coding
 C. fertilization
 D. spermatozoa
A feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible
nutrients, and low in energy. Examples are
hay, straw, silage, and pasture are
examples
 Roughage
Genotype refers to the:
 A. combination of genes
 B. placing of genes
 C. number of genes
 D. splicing of genes
Genotype refers to the:
 A. combination of genes
 B. placing of genes
 C. number of genes
 D. splicing of genes
It includes the total amounts of digestible
protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat
(multiplied by 2.25) all added together.
Approximates energy content
 total digestible nutrients (TDN)
When chromosomes pairs are divided in such a
manner that each gamete has one of each
type of chromosome, the process is called:
 A. meiosis
 B. mitosis
 C. sequencing
 D. cell division
When chromosomes pairs are divided in such a
manner that each gamete has one of each
type of chromosome, the process is called:
 A. meiosis
 B. mitosis
 C. sequencing
 D. cell division
The value of a carcass for consumption
 Carcass merit
The first successful cloning of a vertebrate
organism from mature body cells occurred in
1996 with which species?
 A. cow
 B. pig
 C. sheep
 D. goat
The first successful cloning of a vertebrate
organism from mature body cells occurred in
1996 with which species?
 A. cow
 B. pig
 C. sheep
 D. goat
The other term for difficult birth
 Dystocia
Which is NOT a potential benefit of genetic
engineering in livestock production?

 A. developing disease resistant animals

 B. developing new species of livestock
 C. specifying the sex of an animal before
conception
 D. developing new drugs and vaccines
Which is NOT a potential benefit of genetic
engineering in livestock production?

 A. developing disease resistant animals

 B. developing new species of livestock
 C. specifying the sex of an animal before
conception
 D. developing new drugs and vaccines
Placing semen into the female reproductive
tract (usually the cervix or uterus) by means
other than natural service
 Artificial insemination (A.I.)
The process of inducing cows to produce
several oocytes during each estrus cycle is:

 A. superovulation
 B. embryo transfer
 C. artificial insemination
 D. biobreeding
The process of inducing cows to produce
several oocytes during each estrus cycle is:

 A. superovulation
 B. embryo transfer
 C. artificial insemination
 D. biobreeding
A market for animals through which an
auctioneer sells the animal to the highest
bidder
 Auction market
Mating animals of the same breed is called:
 A. linebreeding
 B. crossbreeding
 C. inbreeding
 D. straightbreeding
Mating animals of the same breed is called:
 A. linebreeding
 B. crossbreeding
 C. inbreeding
 D. straightbreeding
The mating of two animals that can be traced
back to one common ancestor is:

 A. closebreeding
 B. linebreeding
 C. outcrossing
 D. grading up
The mating of two animals that can be traced
back to one common ancestor is:

 A. closebreeding
 B. linebreeding
 C. outcrossing
 D. grading up
Kilogram of liveweight gained per day
 Average daily gain
The Simmental breed of beef cattle which dates
back to the Middle Ages, originated in which
country?

 A. France
 B. Australia
 C. Switzerland
 D. Germany
The Simmental breed of beef cattle which dates
back to the Middle Ages, originated in which
country?

 A. France
 B. Australia
 C. Switzerland
 D. Germany
Which breed of cattle was in existence in Italy
before the time of the Roman Empire?

 A. Devon
 B. Chianina
 C. Beefmaster
 D. Brahman
Which breed of cattle was in existence in Italy
before the time of the Roman Empire?

 A. Devon
 B. Chianina
 C. Beefmaster
 D. Brahman
The amount of fat over the animal's back,
usually measured at the twelfth to
thirteenth rib
 Backfat
Which breed of sheep is classified as a fine wool
breed?
 A. Hampshire
 B. Rambouillet
 C. Southdown
 D. Corriedale
Which breed of sheep is classified as a fine wool
breed?
 A. Hampshire
 B. Rambouillet
 C. Southdown
 D. Corriedale
The weight of the animal taken within 24
hours of its birth
 Birth weight (BW or B.Wt.)
Adapting the behavior of animals to fit the need
of humans is called:
 A. training
 B. domestication
 C. breeding
 D. culling
Adapting the behavior of animals to fit the need
of humans is called:
 A. training
 B. domestication
 C. breeding
 D. culling
Process of permanent identification of
cattle or horses, usually made on the hide
with hot-iron or freezing
 Branding
Which species of livestock descended from two
wild stocks known as “Sus scrofa” and “Sus
vittatus”?

 A. swine
 B. sheep
 C. goats
 D. cattle
Which species of livestock descended from two
wild stocks known as “Sus scrofa” and “Sus
vittatus”?

 A. swine
 B. sheep
 C. goats
 D. cattle
Which species of livestock does NOT belong to
the family Bovidae?
 A. sheep
 B. cattle
 C. swine
 D. goats
Which species of livestock does NOT belong to
the family Bovidae?
 A. sheep
 B. cattle
 C. swine
 D. goats
The volume of output required for revenue
to equal the total of fixed and variable
expenses
 Break-even price
Which species of livestock is the most efficient
into converting feed into energy and protein?

 A. cattle
 B. goats
 C. sheep
 D. swine
Which species of livestock is the most efficient
into converting feed into energy and protein?

 A. cattle
 B. goats
 C. sheep
 D. swine
A contagious bacterial disease that results
in abortion; also called Bang's disease
 Brucellosis
Joints in the skeleton of animals that allow free
movement and have a fluid-filled cavity are
called:

 A. fibrous joints
 B. diarthroses joints
 C. amphiarthroses joints
 D. cartilaginous joints
Joints in the skeleton of animals that allow free
movement and have a fluid-filled cavity are
called:

 A. fibrous joints
 B. diarthroses joints
 C. amphiarthroses joints
 D. cartilaginous joints
The total of all costs divided by the total
kilograms gained; usually expressed on a
per kilogram basis
 Cost of gain
Progesterone and Estrogen are both hormones
produced in which gland?
 A. testes
 B. adrenal
 C. pancreas
 D. ovary
Progesterone and Estrogen are both hormones
produced in which gland?
 A. testes
 B. adrenal
 C. pancreas
 D. ovary
Mating animals from different breeds.
Utilized to take advantage of hybrid vigor
(heterosis) and breed complementarity
 Crossbreeding
In the ruminant digestive system, where is
hydrochloric acid produced?
 A. rumen
 B. omasum
 C. reticulum
 D. abomasum
In the ruminant digestive system, where is
hydrochloric acid produced?
 A. rumen
 B. omasum
 C. reticulum
 D. abomasum
A method of identification by which a
numbered, lettered, and/or colored tag is
placed in the ear
 Ear tagging
Which fat-soluble vitamin is associated with
good bone development?
 A. Vitamin A
 B. Vitamin D
 C. Vitamin E
 D. Vitamin K
Which fat-soluble vitamin is associated with
good bone development?
 A. Vitamin A
 B. Vitamin D
 C. Vitamin E
 D. Vitamin K
Which vitamin do animals tend to produce
enough of so that it does not need to be
included as a specific nutrient in their rations?
 A. Vitamin A
 B. Vitamin C
 C. Vitamin D
 D. Vitamin E
Which vitamin do animals tend to produce
enough of so that it does not need to be
included as a specific nutrient in their rations?
 A. Vitamin A
 B. Vitamin C
 C. Vitamin D
 D. Vitamin E
Transfer of fertilized egg(s) from a donor
female to one or more recipient females
 Embryo transfer
Feed additives used to control worms and other
internal parasites are:
 A. Coccidiostats
 B. Anthelmintics
 C. Probiotics
 D. Antimicrobials
Feed additives used to control worms and other
internal parasites are:
 A. Coccidiostats
 B. Anthelmintics
 C. Probiotics
 D. Antimicrobials
An enterprise in which cattle are fed grain
and other concentrates for usually 90-120
days
 Feedlot
A swine nutritional health problem caused by a
lack of iron in the diet.
 A. Parakeratosis
 B. Rickets
 C. Anemia
 D. Hypoglycemia
A swine nutritional health problem caused by a
lack of iron in the diet.
 A. Parakeratosis
 B. Rickets
 C. Anemia
 D. Hypoglycemia
Grazed or harvested herbaceous plants that
are utilized by ruminants or horses
 Forage
Bacterial disease that affects both sheep and
goats when the animal has a wound.
Symptoms include stiffness, rigid jaw, and
inability to eat.
 A. Vibriosis
 B. Tetanus
 C. Enterotoxemia
 D. Blue Tongue
Bacterial disease that affects both sheep and
goats when the animal has a wound.
Symptoms include stiffness, rigid jaw, and
inability to eat.
 A. Vibriosis
 B. Tetanus
 C. Enterotoxemia
 D. Blue Tongue
A segment of DNA in the chromosome that
codes for a trait and determines how a trait
will develop
 Gene
Scrapie is a disease of both sheep and goats
that affects the:
 A. brain
 B. digestive tract
 C. skin
 D. lungs
Scrapie is a disease of both sheep and goats
that affects the:
 A. brain
 B. digestive tract
 C. skin
 D. lungs
Fat located between muscle systems. Also
called seam fat
 Intermuscular fat
Fat within the muscle or marbling
 Intramuscular fat
The physical appearance of an animal is
referred to as its:
 A. Phenotype
 B. Genotype
 C. Dominance
 D. Codominance
The physical appearance of an animal is
referred to as its:
 A. Phenotype
 B. Genotype
 C. Dominance
 D. Codominance
Meat from ruminant animals (with split
hooves) that have been slaughtered
according to Jewish law
 Kosher meat
Which hormone is responsible for the masculine
appearance in animals?
 A. Progesterone
 B. Estrogen
 C. Masterone
 D. Testosterone
Which hormone is responsible for the masculine
appearance in animals?
 A. Progesterone
 B. Estrogen
 C. Masterone
 D. Testosterone
The amount of essential nutrients relative
to the number of calories in a given amount
of food
 Nutrient density
Which species of livestock reaches puberty
based on the season and not age?
 A. Cattle
 B. Goats
 C. Sheep
 D. Swine
Which species of livestock reaches puberty
based on the season and not age?
 A. Cattle
 B. Goats
 C. Sheep
 D. Swine
Rotation of animals from one pasture to
another so that some pasture areas have no
livestock grazing on them during certain
periods of time
 Pasture rotation
The length of gestation for swine is an average
of how many days?
 A. 283 days
 B. 151 days
 C. 148 days
 D. 114 days
The length of gestation for swine is an average
of how many days?
 A. 283 days
 B. 151 days
 C. 148 days
 D. 114 days
Meat from cattle, sheep, swine, and goats
 Red meat
A compartment of the ruminant stomach
that is similar to a large fermentation
pouch where bacteria and protozoa break
down fibrous plant material swallowed by
the animal
 Rumen
Which of the breeds listed does not have red as
one of its standard colors?
 A. Tamworth
 B. Hereford
 C. Duroc
 D. Pietrain
Which of the breeds listed does not have red as
one of its standard colors?
 A. Tamworth
 B. Hereford
 C. Duroc
 D. Pietrain
Forage, corn fodder, or sorghum preserved
by fermentation that produces acids similar
to the acids used to make pickled foods for
people
 Silage
Which breed of hog is black with a white belt
that encircles the fore part of the body?
 A. Hereford
 B. Berkshire
 C. Poland China
 D. Hampshire
Which breed of hog is black with a white belt
that encircles the fore part of the body?
 A. Hereford
 B. Berkshire
 C. Poland China
 D. Hampshire
Using high-frequency sound waves to show
visual outlines of internal body structures
(e.g., fat thickness, rib-eye area, and
pregnancy can be predicted). The machine
sends sound waves into the animal and
records these waves as they bounce off the
tissues
 Ultrasound
The major objection of boar meat is the odor of
the meat called boar taint. One compound
causing boar taint is:

 A. Skatole
 B. Testosterone
 C. Sulfamethazine
 D. Progesterone
The major objection of boar meat is the odor of
the meat called boar taint. One compound
causing boar taint is:

 A. Skatole
 B. Testosterone
 C. Sulfamethazine
 D. Progesterone
A method of separating young animals
from their dams so that the offspring can
no longer suckle
 Weaning (wean)
Which Medium Wool breed of sheep has a white
face?
 A. Dorset
 B. Hampshire
 C. Shropshire
 D. Suffolk
Which Medium Wool breed of sheep has a white
face?
 A. Dorset
 B. Hampshire
 C. Shropshire
 D. Suffolk
A castrated male cattle
 steer
Which breed of goat is primarily used for
breeding meat goats?
 A. Boer
 B. Angora
 C. Toggenburg
 D. Pygmy
Which breed of goat is primarily used for
breeding meat goats?
 A. Boer
 B. Angora
 C. Toggenburg
 D. Pygmy
Beef cattle enterprise where cattle are
placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds,
and fattened for slaughter
 feedlot
Sheep that are 7 to 12 months of age have the
age classification of:
 A. Hothouse lambs
 B. Lambs
 C. Yearlings
 D. Muttons
Sheep that are 7 to 12 months of age have the
age classification of:
 A. Hothouse lambs
 B. Lambs
 C. Yearlings
 D. Muttons
A sexually mature female sheep
 ewe
Goat meat is marketed under the name:

 A. Mutton
 B. Venison
 C. Veal
 D. Chevon
Goat meat is marketed under the name:

 A. Mutton
 B. Venison
 C. Veal
 D. Chevon
Feeder pigs weighing 18 kg were fed to 135 kg
in 120 days and ate 310 kg of feed. Calculate
their ADG and feed efficiency.
 ADG = 0.975kg gain/day

 Feed Efficiency = 2.65 kg feed/kg gained

a). A broiler raiser wants to know what
combination of rice bran (11 % CP) and a 40%
CP complete feed supplement will provide a
mix with 18% CP for finisher broilers.
 
b).  Prepare a diet weighing 200kg.
a). A broiler raiser wants to know what
combination of rice bran (11 % CP) and a 40%
CP complete feed supplement which will
provide a mix with 18% CP for finisher
broilers.
 
 
11 RB 22 × 100 = 76% RB
29 18
 
40 CFS 7 × 100 = 24% CFS
29
b). Prepare a diet weighing 200kg.

200 kg X 0.76 = 152 kg RB

200 kg X 0.24 = 48 kg CPS

= 200kg diet