NEUROIMAGING

PRESENTED TO: DR PASHA GHAZAL

PARTICIPANTS:
o AMAN QAMAR (SP23-RMG-002)
o ESHA JAVAID (SP23-RMV-005)
o TEHREEM SHAHZADI (SP23-RMV-019)
o SAFDAR (SP23-RMV-012)
CONTENT

 Introduction
 History
 Indications
 Techniques
i. fMRI
ii. NIRS
iii. Computerized Tomography
iv. Electroencephalography
v. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 Applications
 Advantages
Introduction
Neuroimaging :

 Neuroimaging is an important multi-disciplinary field of

inquiry used for understanding structure, function and
development of nervous system.

 It refers to the use of various techniques and

technologies to study healthy human brain in non
invasive manner, and quantitative studies of brain
disease.

 Brain Imaging techniques have become an essential tool

for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of
cognition, perception, behavior, and mental disorders.
Neuroimaging can also help diagnose and
monitor various neurological and
psychiatric conditions.

It can also be used to understand the effect

of medications and different parts of brain
connected.
Neuroimaging Modalities
In 1880, Italian Physiologist
Angelo Mosso invented first
neuroimaging technique which
able to non-invasively measure
the redistribution of blood
during emotional and
intellectual activity.
In 1890, Charles
Roy and Charles
Sherrington
confirmed the
relationship
between blood flow
and brain function .
In 1918 the American
Neurosurgeon, Walter
Dandy introduced the
technique of
Venticulography. X-ray
images of ventricular
system within the brain.
 In 1924 the first human electroencephalography (EEG) which recorded the electrical activity of
brain, opened the window to harness brain signals as carriers of information for direct brain-
computer communication

 A form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were developed
in the 1970s and 1980s.

 Today, neuroimaging continues to evolve with new techniques and technologies, such as
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), and
magnetoencephalography (MEG), providing researchers with new insights into the workings of
the brain.
Presented by
Esha Javaid (SP23-RMV-005)
 Indications

 Common clinical indications for neuroimaging include

 head trauma, stroke like symptoms
 Another indication for neuroradiology is CT-, MRI- and PET- radiosurgery for
treatment of intracranial tumors, and other surgically treatable conditions.
 Techniques OF Neuroimaging

 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

 Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
 Computerized tomography (CT scan)
 Electroencephalography (EEG)
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
fMRI
 FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (FMRI) USES
MAGNETIC FIELDS AND RADIO WAVES TO PRODUCE HIGH
QUALITY TWO- OR THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES OF BRAIN
STRUCTURES.
 USED TO SHOW BRAIN ACTIVITY
 MRIS DISPLAY ANATOMIC STRUCTURE AND FMRIS MEASURE
METABOLIC FUNCTION.
 MONITOR THE GROWTH OF BRAIN TUMORS.
(A) Blood-oxygen level-dependent signal mechanism in magnetic timbre
imaging (B) oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin blood flow during rest
and activation
 Advantages and Disadvantages of
fMRI

 fMRI has several advantages,

 It does not involve ionizing radiation.
 produces excellent high-resolution images
 Disadvantages of fMRI which include,
 expensive compared to other scans
 Patient’s movements can affect the quality of images.
 NIRS
 Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
is a noninvasive technology that
continuously monitors regional
tissue oxygenation by using
infrared light .
 NIRS is used to monitor:
 brain oxygen levels during cardiac
surgery
 brain function and oxygenation
levels in preterm infants in a
neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU) setting.
Presented by:
Tahreem Shahzadi (SP23-RMV-019)
Computerized Tomography
 A computerized tomography (CT) scan is a series of X-ray images converted into
cross-sectional images of your brain.
 The results of a CT scan can also provide more detail than a standard X-ray.
CT scans can:
 Find certain types of brain injuries
 Identify cancer
 Locate brain swelling or bleeding
Electroencephalography
 An electroencephalography (EEG) test measures your brain waves. Before the
scan, clinicians will attach small electrodes to your scalp that are attached to
wires.
 Electrodes are attach to scalp.
 The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your
brain cells.
EEG can detect issues such as:
 Anxiety
 Head injuries
 Sleep disruption
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

 Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is a non-invasive medical imaging test

that produces detailed images of almost every internal structure in the human
body, including the organs, bones, muscles and blood vessels.
 MRI scanners create images of the body using a large magnet and radio waves.
 These images give your physician important information in diagnosing your
medical condition and planning a course of treatment.
APPLICATIONS AND
ADVANTAGES

SAFDAR (SP23-RMI-012)
 Applications:

NEUROFEED
RESEARCH DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT
BACK
 RESEARCH
 Neuroimaging technology is used extensively in neuroscience research.
 It allows researchers to observe the brain in action and to identify regions of the brain that are
involved in specific tasks or behaviors.

 DIAGNOSIS
 Neuroimaging technology has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of neurological disorders.
 Like it can be used to identify brain tumors, detect signs of Alzheimer's disease.
 TREATMENT
 Neuroimaging technology is also used for guiding and monitoring
treatments for neurological disorders.
 For example: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used
to treat movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.

 NEUROFEEDBACK
 Neuroimaging technology is also used for neurofeedback, which is a type
of therapy that teaches people to regulate their own brain activity.
 Neurofeedback is used to treat a range of conditions, including attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression.
Ethical considerations

 Neuroimaging data can reveal sensitive information about a person’s thoughts, emotions, and
behavior
 It's important to protect the privacy of individuals and to use neuroimaging technology responsibly.
ADVANTAGES

 Neuroimaging technology has revolutionized the way we understand the brain and
its functions.
 One of the key advantages of neuroimaging technology is that it is non-invasive
and safe.
 Unlike invasive procedures that require surgery, neuroimaging techniques such as
MRI and fMRI use magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of the
brain.
ADVANTAGES

 Neuroimaging technology has improved the diagnosis and treatment of a range of

neurological disorders.
 It allows doctors to visualize the brain and identify abnormalities or lesions that
may be causing symptoms.
 This information is critical for making an accurate diagnosis and developing a
treatment plan.
ADVANTAGES

 Neuroimaging technology has also improved our understanding of brain

disorders.
 It allows researchers to observe the brain in action and to identify regions of the
brain that are involved in specific tasks or behaviors
 Neuroimaging technology has the potential to enable personalized medicine for
neurological disorders.
THANK YOU