Selected Questions in Crop

Improvement and Seed Selection

Q1. A properly dried seed can be stored for longer
duration with high germination using this container
a. paper bags c. jute sack
b. sealed tin cans d. plastic /poly bags
Q1. A properly dried seed can be stored for longer
duration with high germination using this container
a. paper bags c. jute sack
b. sealed tin cans d. plastic /poly bags

Explanation: Seeds of most species can be

safely stored for several years by careful
control of temperature and relative humidity.
Containers should be moisture-resistant to
keep the seed at safe storage moisture level.
Among the containers, sealed tin can is
completely moisture-proof and seeds can be
kept in this container for 10 years and more.
Q2. An example of recalcitrant seeds
a Tomato c. avocado
b. Eggplant d. Star apple
Q2. An example of recalcitrant seeds
a Tomato c. avocado
b. Eggplant d. Star apple

Explanation: Avocado, like most fruit tree species, is

recalcitrant thus cannot be stored at low moisture
content. Its shelf life can be prolonged by keeping the
seed under high moisture condition.
Tomato and eggplant are orthodox seeds thus should be
stored at low moisture level. Star apple can be an
intermediate seed.
Q3. It is not an example of classes of seed
recognized by the Philippine Seed
Certification scheme
a. Foundation seeds c. Good seeds
b. Registered seeds d. Certified seeds
Q3. It is not an example of classes of seed
recognized by the Philippine Seed
Certification scheme
a. Foundation seeds c. Good seeds
b. Registered seeds d. Certified seeds

Explanation: Breeder, foundation, registered

and certified seeds are the only classes of
seeds recognized in the Philippine Seed
Certification system. Good seeds are
progeny of certified seeds.
Q4. For flower induction, cabbage, onion, carrot
require
a. Vernalization c. High temperature
b. Rainfall d. Adequate amount of fertilizer
Q4. For flower induction, cabbage, onion, carrot
require
a. Vernalization c. High temperature
b. Rainfall d. Adequate amount of fertilizer

Explanation: Vernalization is a process by which

flower induction is promoted in winter crop
species by applying cold treatment to moistened
or germinating seeds. Cabbage, onions and
carrots respond to vernalization.
Q5. An example of biennial vegetable crop
a. Tomato c. Eggplant
b. Onion d. Squash
Q5. An example of biennial vegetable crop
a. Tomato c. Eggplant
b. Onion d. Squash

Explanation: A biennial crop produces only

vegetative growth during the first growing
season. After a period of storage or over-
wintering out-door, flowers, fruits and seeds
during the second year and the plant dies. It is a
plant that requires 2 years to complete its life
cycle. Ex. onion
Q6. Which is not considered as rogues in seed production?
a. Weeds
b. Plants that are genetically pure and conform with
the standard of the variety intended for reproduction
c. Plants of another cultivars of the same species
d. Diseased plants of the same varieties
Q6. Which is not considered as rogues in seed production?
a. Weeds
b. Plants that are genetically pure and conform with
the standard of the variety intended for reproduction
c. Plants of another cultivars of the same species
d. Diseased plants of the same varieties

Explanation: Roguing – the removal of diseased,

damaged, volunteer plants (unwanted plants
growing from residual seeds of previous crops) and
off-types from the field
Q. Theoretically, crops intended for seed production
shall be harvest at the point of
a. Physiological maturity
b. When the fruits are very high
c. When there is no rain
d. When sunlight is very intense so that the seeds
are good.
Q. Theoretically, crops intended for seed production
shall be harvest at the point of
a. Physiological maturity
b. When the fruits are very dry
c. When there is no rain
d. When sunlight is very intense so that the seeds
are good.

Explanation: Physiological maturity – the time

when seed reaches its maximum viability and
vigor capability and biomass weight is highest.
Considered as the best time to harvest for seed
purposes. In some species, this may occur prior
to normal harvest date.
Q. Under Philippine condition, what character is
not routinely analyzed in the seed testing
laboratory to become a certified seed?
a. Physical purity c. Incidence of
seedborne
diseases
b. Germination d. Moisture content
Q. Under Philippine condition, what character is
not routinely analyzed in the seed testing
laboratory to become a certified seed?
a. Physical purity c. Incidence of
seedborn diseases
b. Germination d. Moisture content
Q. The inability of a viable seed to germinate
under favorable condition
a. Seed dormancy c. Fermentation
b. Vernalization d. Quiscence
Q. The inability of a viable seed to germinate
even under favorable condition
a. Seed dormancy c. Fermentation
b. Vernalization d. Quiscence

Explanation:
Vernalization – induction of flowering thru
application of cold treatment ;
Fermentation – chemical change in sugar induce
by the activity of enzyme systems of
microorganism under anerobic condition.
Quiscence – absence of growth because of the
absence of environmental condition favoring
growth or germination
Q. An example of monoecious plant
a. Corn c. beans
b. Eggplant d. tomato
Q. An example of monoecious plant
a. Corn c. beans
b. Eggplant d. tomato

Explanation: Monoecious plants – having stamens

and pistils in different unisexual flowers on the
same plant. Ex. corn
Q. The scientist who formulated ‘The Rule of
Thumb’ in seed storage.
a. Harrington c. Colin
b. Taylor d. Van Daar
Q. The scientist who formulated ‘The Rule of
Thumb’ in seed storage.
a. Harrington c. Colin
b. Taylor d. Van Daar

Rule of Thumb in seed storage by Harrington:

For every 1% increase in moisture content, the
seed life is halved for seeds of moisture content
of 5-10%. For every 5C rise in temperature,
between 0-50C, the seed life is halved. Low
moisture content and low temperature will not
favor fungal and insect growth.
Q. Which is not recommended for treating the seed
dormancy?
a. Hydrochloric acid c. Mechanical abrasion
of seed coat
b. Hot treatment d. treating the seed with
abscissic acid
Q. Which is not recommended for treating the seed
dormancy?
a. Hydrochloric acid c. Mechanical abrasion
of seed coat
b. Hot treatment d. treating the seed with
abscissic acid

Explanation: Abscissic acid or ABA

promotes seed dormancy
Q. The best storage temperature for orthodox seds
at low relative humidity
a. below 0C c. 20C
b. 15C d. 25C
Q. The best storage temperature for orthodox
seeds at low relative humidity
a. below 0C c. 20C
b. 15C d. 25C

This temperature will prolong shelf life of

orthodox seeds for 10-50 years. Higher
temperature will encourage growth of
pests.
Q. Who is not a member of the National Seed Industry
Council?
a. Secretary of Agriculture
b. Bureau of Plant Industry Director
c. Crop Research Director, PCARRD
d. Bureau of Post Harvest Research and Extension
Director

Q. Who is not a member of the National Seed Industry

Council?
a. Secretary of Agriculture
b. Bureau of Plant Industry Director
c. Crop Research Director, PCARRD
d. Bureau of Post Harvest Research and
Extension Director
Q. The germination % of tomatoes after seed
testing was 96%, therefore
a. Breeder seeds c. Registered
seeds
b. Foundation seeds d. Good seeds

Q. The germination % of tomatoes after seed

testing was 96%, therefore
a. Breeder seeds c. Registered
seeds
b. Foundation seeds d. Good seeds
Q. In purity analysis of the seeds, pure seeds includes
a. Immature seeds
b. Seedlike structure
c. Seeds less than one half in the size of the seed
currently analyzed
d. All of the above

Q. In purity analysis of the seeds, pure seeds includes

a. Immature seeds
b. Seedlike structure
c. Seeds less than one half in the size of the seed
currentlly analysed
d. All of the above
Q. What moisture content of the seed inhibit insect
activity or little insect activity?
A. 45-60% c. Above 14% but below 45%
b. 18-20% d. Below 8-9%

High temperature will promote high insect

activity
Q. A white tag attached to the bag (rice)
a. Breeder seed c. Registered seed
b. Foundation seed d. Certified seeds
Q. A white tag attached to the bag (rice)
a. Breeder seed c. Registered
seed
b. Foundation seed d. Certified seeds

Foundation seeds - red tag

Registered seeds – green tag
Certified seeds – Blue tag
Q. This law changed the National Seed Industry to the Phil
Seedboard to National Seed Industry Council (NSIC).
a. RA 7308 of March 27, 1992
b. RA 7001 of March 27, 1994
c. RA 2000 since March 27,1998
d. RA 2000 since April 12, 1999

Q. This law changed the National Seed Industry to the Phil

Seedboard to National Seed Industry Council (NSIC).
a. RA 7308 of March 27, 1992
b. RA 7001 of March 27, 1994
b. RA 2000 since March 27,1998
c. RA 2000 since April 12, 1999
Q. In seed production, roguing shall be done several
times at different stages of the crop development.
However, the best time is in:
a. Vegetative stage c. maturity
b. Full bloom d. Right before harvesting
Q. In seed production, roguing shall be done several
times at different stages of the crop development.
However, the best time is in:
a. Vegetative stage c. maturity
b. Full bloom d. Right before harvesting

At full bloom, most off-type plants will be

distinguished from the true variety being
grown.
Q.The class of seed which is considered purest in
terms of variety purity
a. Breeder seed c. Registered seed
b. Foundation seed d. Certified seed

Q.The class of seed which is considered purest in

terms of variety purity
a. Breeder seed c. Registered seed
b. Foundation seed d. Certified seed
 Selected Questions in
Sustainble Crop Production
Q. To what sustainable agriculture dimension do the following belong:

a. Ecologically sound
b. Economically viable
c. Socially just, equitable and humanee
d. Culturally acceptable
e. Based on wholistic or integrated science

___ Dynamic relationship between human beings and environment

___ Respects rights and dignity of individuals and groups
___ Promotes gender sensitivity
___ Has no cost of externalities
___ Views development as a system
___ Promotes indigenous knowledge system
___ Enhances spirituality of individuals and community
___ Has no adverse effect on the resource base and human health
Q. To what sustainable agriculture dimension do the following belong:

a. Ecologically sound
b. Economically viable
c. Socially just, equitable and humane
d. Culturally acceptable
e. Based on wholistic or integrated science

a Dynamic relationship between human beings and environment

c Respects rights and dignity of individuals and groups
c Promotes gender sensitivity
b Has no cost of externalities
e Views development as a system
d Promotes indigenous knowledge system
d Enhances spirituality of individuals and community
a Has no adverse effect on the resource base and human health
Q. Responds to the concepts of sustainable agriculture
because it utilizes ways and means of effective
management of resources to meet goals
a. Sustainable agriculture
b. Farming systems
c. Modern agriculture
d. Traditional agriculture

Q. Responds to the concepts of sustainable agriculture because it

utilizes ways and means of effective management of resources
to meet goals
a. Sustainable agriculture
b. Farming systems
c. Modern agriculture
d. Traditional agriculture
Q. Sustainable agriculture in the country will prosper if the
following will be observed except one:
a. Water conservation through small earthen dams
b. Bio-control rather than use of chemicals
c. Biotechnology
d. Improved marketing and post-harvest technologies

Q. Sustainable agriculture in the country will prosper if the

following will be observed except one:
a. Water conservation through small earthen dams
b. Bio-control rather than use of chemicals
c. Biotechnology
d. Improved marketing and post-harvest technologies
Q. Sustainable agriculture in the country will prosper if the
following will be observed except one:
a. Water conservation through small earthen dams
b. Bio-control rather than use of chemicals
c. Biotechnology
d. Improved marketing and post-harvest technologies

Q. Sustainable agriculture in the country will prosper if the

following will be observed except one:
a. Water conservation through small earthen dams
b. Bio-control rather than use of chemicals
c. Biotechnology
d. Improved marketing and post-harvest technologies
Q. The aging process of inland bodies of water due to
the negative effects of modern agriculture
a. Euthropication
b. Red tide
c. Water pollution
d. Nitrate contamination of water

Q. The aging process of inland bodies of water due to the

negative effects of modern agriculture
a. Euthropication
b. Red tide
c. Water pollution
d. Nitrate contamination of water
Q. The following are fears/misconceptions of sustainable
agriculture except one
a. Benefits from SA require shorter period
b. SA would result to considerable yield
c. SA practices are labor-intensive
d. SA practices are backward, tradition bound, and
non-scientific.
Q. The following are fears/misconceptions of sustainable
agriculture except one
a. Benefits from SA require shorter period
b. SA would result to considerable yield
c. SA practices are labor-intensive
d. SA practices are backward, tradition bound, and non-
scientific.