21 CENTURY

ST

LITERATURE
Ms. Doreen Martinez
MODULE 1: LITERARY
APPRECIATION
From Latin “Littera” meaning
LETTERS.

A written work of a specific

culture, sub-culture, religion, and
philosophy.
Literature began in southern
MESOPOTAMIA region of
SUMER (3200) city of URUK.
Philippine Literature is a
time machine which helps
the Filipinos to go back
where it used to be before
the Spaniards came, to help
the Filipino bring back the
traditions, culture, and
religion that they already
have before they came.
  It existed before the Spanish
PRE-COLONIAL occupation in 1500 the sources of
PERIOD PRE-SPANISH literature are usually the native
town folk and about life of the
LITERATURE Filipino people in the ancient times.
 FORMS OF LITERATURE IN
THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
1. Oral Literature
a. Riddle- it is a statement that contains superficial words that is usually
uttered in a form of question.

Example: “Kay lapit na sa mata, di mo pa nakikita”- Tenga

‘Limang puno ng niyog, isa’y matayog.’- Daliri

‘Nang hatakin ko ang baging, nagkagulo ang mga matsing’- kampana
 b. Proverbs/ Mga salawikain- a short saying that is widely used to
express an obvious truth.

Example: “Kung ano ang puno siya rin ang bunga”

1. ‘Huwag gawin sa iba ang ayaw mong gawin sa iyo’
2. ‘Kung walang tiyaga, walang nilaga’
3. ‘Pagkahaba-haba man ng prosisyon sa simbahan din and tuloy’
4. ‘Ang kaginhawaan sa kasiyahan matatagpuan at ‘di sa
kasaganaan’
2. FOLK SONGS
 a. Oyayi o Hele/Lullabies
 b. Rawitdawit/Drinking songs
 c. Kundiman/Love songs- awit ng pag-ibig Example: “Dandansoy”
 d. Songs of death/Dung-aw-awit sa patay e.
 Dalit o Himno/Religious songs
 f. Kumintang- awit sa pakikidigma
 g. Diona- awit sa kasal
3. FOLK TALES/MGA
KWENTONG BAYAN
 They originated in the era before literacy and are passed down
verbally from generation to generation.

 a. Myth- a well-known story which was made up in the past to

explain natural events to justify religious beliefs or customs.

 Deities-(DIWATA), creation stories, and mythical creatures.

TAGALOG DIETIES
 Bathala- The supreme God of being;
creator of man and earth (Christian
God)
 Amanikable- the ill-tempered God of the
sea. He was never married after he was
spurned by a mortal maiden “MAGANDA”
 Idiyanale- The Goddess of Labor and
good deeds. Married to Dimangan
Dimangan- God of good harvest.
 Lakapati- Goddess of fertility and the
most understanding and kind of all the
deities.
 Mapulon- The God of seasons.
Husband of Lakapati
 Mayari- Goddess of the moon and of
the 3 daughters of Bathala. Most
charming
Tala- The Goddess of star
 Hanan- The Goddess of morning
Apolaki- The God of Sun
B. LEGEND

 a traditional story that is popularly

regarded as historical but is not proven
to be true
Examples:
Ang Alamat ng Saging
Alamat ng Pinya
Ang Alamat ng Berdeng Ahas
Ang Alamat ng Kasoy
Ang Alamat ng Bayabas
C. FABLE
 uses animals as characters conveying a moral

Example:
The Lion and the Mouse
The Ant and the Grasshopper
The Fox and the Grapes
The Country Mouse and the City Mouse
 C. EPIC
 is a long narrative poem recounting the
deeds of a legendary hero.
 Examples
Biag ni Lam-Ang
Labaw Donggon
Bantugan
Hudhud hi Aliguyon
Kudaman
  The start of Spanish Period when

SPANISH Ferdinand Magellan landed at shores of

Homonhon, March 6, 1521, the Spaniards

PERIOD
thought Philippines a lot about its culture and
eventually Philippines adopted it and became
one of its Literature.
 1. Religious Literature- it
revolves around the life and
death of Jesus Christ since
Christianity was introduced
by the Spaniards to the
Filipinos.
 a. Pasyon- it is about the passion (journey
and suffering) and the death of Jesus Christ
The indigenization of the pasyon was
begun by Gaspar Aquino de Belen in Ang
Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong
Panginoon Natin na Tola, published in
1703 or 1704.
b. Senakulo- the
re-enactment of
the Pasyon
 2. Non-Religious
Literature
a. Awit- these
are tales of
chivalry where a
knight saves a
princess.
 b. Korido- is along
metrical tale that
follows the structure
of the poem
 3. Propaganda
Literature- These were
writings in the form of
satires, editorials and
news articles that aim to
attack the Spanish
government.
 FAMOUS WRITERS DURING
THE PROPAGANDA
LITERATURE
 a. Graciano Lopez Jaena- Ang Fray Botod
 b. Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Dasalan at Tocsohan
 c. Jose Rizal- Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
 d. Andres Bonifacio- Obligations of our Countrymen
 e. Emilio Jacinto- Light and Darkness
 f. Apolinario Mabini- The Rise and Fall of the Philippine Republic
PUBLICATIONS
 a. El Heraldo dela Revolucion- Emilio Aguinaldo (Sept. 28, 1898)
 b. La Independencia- Antonio Luna (Sept. 3, 1898)
 c. La Republica Filipina- Pedro Paterno (Sept. 18, 1898)
 d. La Libertad- Don Epifanio De Los Santos (June 19, 1898)
 La Solidaridad- Graciano Lopez Jaena (Feb. 15, 1889)
EL HERALDO DE LA
REVOLUCION
LA INDEPENDENCIA
LA REPUBLICA
FILIPINA
LA LIBERTAD
 AMERICAN  The Philippine public school system was introduced. Free
public education was given to Filipinos. The literature

LITERATURE IN during the American period was considered as imitative of

American model. Instead of asking the students to write
originals, students end up following the form of American
THE PHILIPPINES poets.
 1. Poetry- its contents ranged from free writing to societal concerns
under the Americans.

 2. Drama- was usually used in the American period to degrade the

Spanish rule and to immortalize the heroism of the men who fought
under the katipunan.

 3. Remake Novels- took up Dr. Jose Rizal’s repression

FORMS OF LITERATURE IN
THE JAPANESE PERIOD
 1. Poetry- the common theme of most poems during the Japanese
occupation was nationalism, country, love and life in the barrios,
faith religion and the arts.
 2. Fiction- the field of the short story widened during the Japanese
occupation. Many wrote short stories.
 3. Drama- the drama experienced a dull during the Japanese period
because movie houses showing American films were closed. Many
of the big movie houses were made to show stage plays. Those
were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.
 4. Newspaper- writings that came out during this period were
journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but eventually the
spirit of nationalism started to seep into their consciousness.
 5. Essay- was composed to glorify the Filipinos and at the same
time to figuratively attack the Japanese
 21ST CENTURY
 New literary works created within the last decade, from
January 2001 up to the present, deals with current themes
and reflects technological culture, often breaks traditional
writing refers to world literature in prose produced during
the 21st century. Readers grew up with technology; readers
are capable of navigating and interpreting digital formats.
21ST CENTURY LITERARY
GENRES
HARRY POTTER
1. Illustrated Novel- story
through text and illustrated images
 2. Digi-Fiction- triples media
literature. It combines three
media: book, movie/video, and
internet website.
 3. Graphic Novels- narratives in comic book formats. It is more
artistic and heavily illustrated.
 4. Manga- a Japanese
word for comics. It is
used in the English-
speaking world as a
generic term for all
comic books and
graphics novels
originally published in
Japan
 5. Doodle Fiction
 6. Chick Lit
 7. Flash Fiction- is a
style of fictional
literature of extreme
brevity
 8. Science Fiction- is a genre
of speculative fiction dealing
with imaginative concepts such
as futuristic science and
technology, space travel, time
travel, faster than light travel,
parallel universe, and
extraterrestrial life
 Blog
EXPLORING THE LITERARY
TREASURES OF THE
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
 Every culture requires set of beliefs, mores, traditions for it to
flourish and prevail in this ever-changing world, and stories are an
important part of culture. Short stories in particular, have their roots
in folklore oral tradition storytelling
 In Philippines, every region has its own dialects and its own known
elemental creature regardless on their beliefs and traditions here are
the examples that until now are known from its selective areas here
in the Philippines that has been part of Philippine Literature
 When the Spaniards came there was an immediate shift on the
focus of literature it became centered on the Christian faith, and the
stories about natural phenomena suddenly came about the lives of
saints and the other religious hymns.
END OF MODULE 1