Mishap

in Cell Division
Learning Objective:

➢ Define apoptosis

➢ Find out how and what disorders or diseases

develops when apoptosis is defective.
 APOPTOSIS
The process of cell destruction or programmed cell death.
By contrast, a cell that undergoes apoptosis
dies neatly, without damaging its neighbors.
The cell shrinks and condenses. The
cytoskeleton collapses, the nuclear
envelope disassembles, and the nuclear
DNA breaks up into fragments.
Introduction:

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused

by multiple changes in gene expression leading to
dysregulated balance of cell proliferation and cell
death and ultimately evolving into a population of
cells that can invade tissues and metastasize to
distant sites, causing significant morbidity and, if
untreated, death of the host.
Researchers have uncovered the mechanism
that cells use to find and destroy an organelle
called mitochondria that, when damaged,
may lead to genetic problems,
neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammatory disease, and aging.
Other Common Disorders
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division
results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic
material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down
syndrome
Mistakes during mitosis lead to the production of daughter cells with too many or too few chromosomes, a
feature known as aneuploidy. Nearly all aneuploidies that arise due to mistakes in meiosis or during early
embryonic development are lethal, with the notable exception of trisomy 21 in humans.
➔ Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by the dramatic, rapid
appearance of aging beginning in childhood.
Something to ponder:

Why do you think cancer cells come

back after being treated?