Review/Recall: Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Activity # 3
How do volcanos affect us?
Iceland volcanic Eruption Live Footage
 Guide Questions:
1. How do you feel while watching the video?
2. How do you think volcanic eruptions
would affect our lives?
Advantages and Disadvantages of Living near a
Volcano
 Guide questions:
3. What are the benefits of volcanic eruptions
in the society?
4. What could be the harmful effects of
volcanic eruptions in the society?
How is Geothermal Energy
generated?
 Guide Questions:
5. Where are geothermal plants located?
6. Why do you think they were built on those
places?
7. Based on the video that you have watched,
how is geothermal energy generated?
Energy from Volcanos
Power plants are built in an area where it is particularly hot just below
the surface such as near a group of geysers, hot springs, or volcanic
activity. The following steps are followed to generate electricity in a
geothermal power plant:

1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot
water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure
causes the water to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator
that produces electricity.
4. Cooling tower cools the steam which it condenses back to
water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the
process again. (5min)
 Short Quiz:
Arrange the following statements to come up with the correct steps in generating
electricity in a geothermal power plant.
Use letters A – E.

___1. Cooling tower cools the steam, which condenses it

back to water.
___2. Cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin
the process again.
___3. Steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a
generator that produces electricity.
___4. Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump steam or
hot water to the surface.
___5. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in
pressure causes the water to turn into steam.
 Key Answers:
1. D
2. E
3. C
4. A
5. B
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
 VOLCANISM
•80% of the earths crust is composed of volcanic rocks
•Volcanism: the process by which magma from the
interior of the earth rises through the crust, emerges onto
the surface as lava, and cools into volcanic rock
Anatomy of a volcano
 Types of lava (based on silica content)
•felsic, andesitic, mafic
Types of Volcanic Deposits
•Basaltic: Flood Basalts

Different Layers
of Basalt
Types of Volcanic Deposits (cont)

•Basaltic: Pahoehoe,
Aa,
Pillow lava

•Rhyolitic
•Andesitic
Textures
glassy, vesicular (related to cooling rates and gas content)
Explosive vs. Gentle Eruptions
 Explosive vs. Gentle Eruptions
Pyroclastic Deposits
•Air fall or tephra
•Ejecta: ash, tuffs and breccias, bombs
•Pyroclastic Flows
•Surge – directed blast of hot material
•nuée ardante (glowing cloud)
•Mudflow
•lahar
Landforms and Eruptive Styles
1. Shield Volcanoes
i. gentle eruptions consisting of basaltic lavas
ii. low silica and low viscosity
iii. fissure eruptions and flood basalts
iv. example: Mauna Loa
Volcanic Domes
i. explosive eruptions consisting of felsic volcanism
ii. high silica and high viscosity
iii. ash flows
iv. example: Mount St. Helens (1980)
Cinder-Cones Volcanoes
i. pyroclastic eruptions
Composite Volcanoes (stratovolcano)
i. alternating lava and pyroclastic eruptions
Craters
i. central depression at the summit of most volcanoes
Calderas (collapsed craters)
Other Volcanic Features
1. diatremes
2. fumaroles, hot springs, geysers
Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
Plate Tectonics and Volcanism (cont)
1. Spreading zone volcanism: basalts
2. Convergence zone volcanism: Ring of Fire
i. OC-OC convergence: basalts
and occasional andesites
ii. OC-CC convergence: ash and rhyolite
3. Interplate volcanism
4. Hot Spot Activity
Benefits of Volcanism
• atmosphere, oceans, land masses, soil, geothermal
uses