English 9

Quarter 1
Lesson/Topic
1. Modals
2. Arguments
3. Communicative Styles
Most Essential Learning Competencies(MELCs)
• Express permission, obligation, and prohibition using modals
• Use conditionals in expressing arguments
• Employ the appropriate communicative styles for various situations(intimate,
casual, conversational, consultative, forum)
Grading System:
• Written Works(30%)
Quizzes
Assignments
• Performance Task(50%)
Individual Performance Task
Group Performance Task
• Quarterly Exam(20%)
Expressing permission,obligation,prohibition
using MODALS
Lesson Objectives:
A. Differentiate sentences that express
permission, obligation and prohibition;
B. Identify modals of permission, obligation and
prohibition in sentences; and
C. Use modals of permission obligation, and
prohibition appropriately in sentences.
What are they?
•Sheila didn’t attend the
party last night.
•Sheila cannot attend the
party tonight.
•Modals are helping verbs that denote
intention or feeling of the speaker. They
indicate likelihood, permission, ability,
possibility, suggestion, prohibition, advice,
order or request. It is always accompanied
with a verb in its base form:
modal + V (base form) = can eat, should walk,
may pay
What do you think?
1. One must always pay attention to
his or her surroundings.
2. May I go to my friends and stay
overnight?
3. Many students cannot go to
school as soon as they like.
Types of Modals
•Modals of Permission
•Modals of Obligation
•Modals of Prohibition
Modals of Permission
• Permission is a consent or agreement given to a request. It is usually expressed
by using modals of permission: can, could, or may + verb (base form).
Can- it is the least formal of the modal verbs used to ask or give permission.
Here are some examples with can:
Can I play music? Can I wear shorts?
Could- it is less formal. Here are some examples with could:
Could I have some more juice?
Could I bring a friend to the party?
May- it is the most formal modal verb used to ask or give permission. Here are
some examples:
May I use a calculator on the test?
May I have another piece of cake, please?
Modals of Obligation
• Obligation is a sense of duty demanded by
conscience, custom or gratitude. Examples are must
and have to.
Have to- strong obligation(possibly from outside)
Children have to go to school.
Must- strong obligation (possibly based on the
speaker’s opinion)
I must study today.
1. My doctor said that I have to stop smoking or I’ll risk
serious problems. (I have no choice)
2. I must stop smoking. (It’s my decision)
Modals of Prohibition
• Prohibition is an act of restraining or stopping an action
by an authority. Modals used here are te same in modals
of permission or obligation but with the word NOT.
1. Doctors must not (musn’t) make mistakes.
2. She could not (couldn’t) play such a rough game or
politics.
3. You cannot (can’t) smoke in any public place.
4. You may not eat in the classroom during break time.
Seatwork #1
I. Directions: Underline the modals in the following
sentences and identify its type.
1. Parents must listen not only to what the children are
saying but also to what they are not saying.
2. Children may join activities outside the school premises,
provided their parents know about it.
3. Students cannot choose which rules to obey.
4. Some may express their opinions, but they have to be
tactful about it.
5. You can’t graduate if you fail one course.
 II. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct
modals of permission, obligation, and prohibition.
1. ________ I borrow this book for a week, please?
2. Every examinee ___________ follow the directions.
3. He __________ sneak out of the lecture room
immediately.
4. Miss Saldana, ________ I go out for a minute?
5. You ________ hand in your project later in my office.
III. Directions: Make a list of things students are permitted to
do (3 sentences), obligated to do (4 sentences) and not allowed
to do (3 sentences) based on the picture see. Be sure to write
with modals of permission, obligation and prohibition.