ART INTEGRATION

PROJECT
PUT TOGETHER BY:-
1. SHAKSHI
TOPIC: MEGHALYA
SHARMA
2. ISHIKA YADAV
3. MADHAV
MENARIA
4. UTKARSH RAJ
 INDEX
CONTENTS FROM SLIDE TO SLIDE
1. INTRODUCTORY VIDEO 4 4
2. मेघालय सारांश 5 5
3. HISTORY OF MEGHALYA 6 6
4. CULTURE AND HERITAGE 7 8
5. GEOGRAPHICAL SPECIFICATIONS 9 11
6. POLITICAL STATUS 12 13
7. ECONOMICAL STATUS 14 15
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP OF COUNTRY
8. POPULATION 16 16
 CONTENTS FROM SLIDE TO SLIDE
9. LAND DISTRIBUTION 17 17
10. LITERACY RATE 17 17
11. SEX RATIO 18 18
12. RELIGIOUS DATA 18 18
13. SCIENCE MUSEUMS 19 19
14. FACTS ABOUT MEGHALYA 20 20
15. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 21 21
16. ACKNOWLEDGEMNT 22 22
 मेघालय
मेघालय का अर्थ दो शब्दों मेघ और आलय से मिलकर बना है, जिसमे मेघ का अर्थ बादल और आलय का अर्थ निवास होता हैं। इसलिए मेघालय शब्द
का अर्थ होता हैं बादलो का घर।
मेघालय भारत का एक आकर्षित पूर्वी राज्य है इसकी राजधानी शिलांग हैं। मेघालय से शिलांग की दूरी लगभग 111 किलोमीटर है। मेघालय राज्य की
स्थापना 21 जनवरी 1972 में की गई थी। मेघालय पर्यटन स्थल अपनी सुंदर पर्वत मालाओं, भारी वर्षा, धूप, उच्च पठारों, लुभावने झरनों, नदियों
और घास के आकर्षित मैदानों के लिए बहुत अधिक प्रसिद्ध है। मेघालय का पठार राज्य के आकर्षण का कें द्र बना हुआ हैं। मेघालय पर्यटन में अधिकांश
उष्णकटिबंधीय वन पाए जाते है और यहाँ के वनों में पक्षियों, स्तनधारियों, कीड़ो और सरीसृपों को देखा जा सकता है।

1. मेघालय का इतिहास –
मेघालय राज्य का गठन असम राज्य के दो जिलो यूनाइटेड खासी हिल्स और जयंतिया हिल्स को एक साथ जोड़ कर किया गया था। बाद में ब्रिटिश
सरकार ने मेघालय राज्य को असम में शामिल कर लिया था। इसके बाद 16 अक्टू बर 1905 में जब बंगाल का विभाजन किया गया, तो मेघालय
असम और पूर्वी बंगाल का एक अहम हिस्सा बन गया।

नोंगकर्म डांस फे स्टिवल वांगला फे स्टिवल मेघालय के कुछ महत्वपर्ण

ू उत्सव हैं I

हिंदी एकीकृत
 ANCIENT AND MODERN HISTORY
Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: the United Khasi Hills and Jaintia
Hills, and the Garo Hills on 21 January 1972. Meghalaya was previously part of Assam, but on 21 January
1972, the districts of Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills became the new state of Meghalaya. People have lived in
Meghalaya since the Neolithic. The highland plateaus fed by abundant rains provided safety from floods and a
rich soil. The importance of Meghalaya is its possible role in human history via domestication of rice. The
limited archaeology done in the hills of Meghalaya suggest human settlement since ancient times.
After the Conquest of Taraf in 1304, Shah Arifin Rafiuddin, migrated and settled in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills
Bhaitbari is an archaeological site first discovered in 1993, a fortification of burnt brick with mud core was
discovered at Meghalaya and is dated to 4th-8th century AD, the city has been speculated to have been one of
the capital cities of Kamarupa.
The Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes had their own kingdoms until they came under British administration in
the 19th century. Later, the British incorporated Meghalaya into Assam in 1835. When Bengal was partitioned
on 16 October 1905 by Lord Curzon, Meghalaya became a part of the new province of Eastern Bengal and
Assam. On 3 January 1921, the governor-general-in-council declared the areas now in Meghalaya, other than
the Khasi states. Subsequently, the British administration enacted the Government of India Act 1935.
At the time of Indian independence in 1947, present-day Meghalaya constituted two districts of Assam.
Accordingly, the Assam Reorganisation Act of 1969 was enacted for the formation of an autonomous state. The
name 'Meghalaya' coined by geographer S.P. Chatterjee in 1936 was proposed and accepted for the new state.
The Act came into effect on 2 April 1970.
HISTORY INTEGRATED
CULTURE AND HERITAGE OF
MEGHALYA
Heritage sites are always a eye pleasing site for anyone. As in
all over India, Meghalaya is also no exception in a number of
world- class heritage sites and monuments. So, here is some
of the most famous and visited sites in the ‘Scotland of the
East’:-
1. Stone Memorial of Mawthoh- Dur, Bhoi Area - Khasi
tribes of Meghalaya erected many monoliths and
megaliths as per their traditions to commemorate their
heroes and tribe.
2. Kiang Nongbah Monument- Kiang Nongbah was a true
patriot who rose in rebellion against the British and fought
them bravely till his eventual capture. He was hanged
publicly on 30th December 1862.
3. Megalithic Bridge on the Nyankanah - Built over the
Nyankanah river, this bridge was constructed the Jaintia
kings who ruled over these lands during medieval period. HISTORY INTEGRATED
Celebrations in Meghalaya seems impossible without
music and dance. Here are the dances of Meghalaya-

 
1. Nоngkrem Dance:- This is the most important
dance of the “Khasis”. It is celebrated in the
autumn season and is essentially a thanksgiving to
God.
2. Wangala dance- Wangala dance is essentially a
part of the Wangala festival. It is a major festival of
the Garоs held in the fall, after the harvest season.

Apart from this Meghalaya is a land of unique culture

and traditions . It known for its exquisite bamboo and
cane products, weaving and wood carving with each
of the 3 main tribes having their own specialities.
 GEOGRAPHICAL SPECIFICATIONS
1. CLIMATE AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
With average annual rainfall as high as 12,000 mm in some areas,
Meghalaya is the wettest place on earth. The western part of the
plateau, comprising the Garo Hills region with lower elevations,
experiences high temperatures for most of the year. The Shillong area,
with the highest elevations, experiences generally low temperatures.
The maximum temperature in this region rarely goes beyond 28 °C,
whereas sub-zero winter temperatures are common.
The town of Sohra (Cherrapunji) in the Khasi Hills south of capital
Shillong holds the world record for most rain in a calendar month, while
the village of Mawsynram, near Sohra (Cherrapunji), holds the record for
the most rain in a year. GEOGRAPHY INTEGRATED
GEOGRAPHY INTEGRATED
2. CROPS
The state is also a horticultural State and produces substantial quantities of oranges, pineapples, peaches, pears, plums,
guavas and bananas.
Marketable Surplus Horticultural Crops in Meghalaya are given hereunder.
3. FLORA & FAUNA
As per the State of Forest Report 2003, published by the Forest Survey of India, Meghalaya has a forest cover of 9,496 km2,
which is 42.34% of the total geographical area of the state. The Meghalayan subtropical forests are considered to be
among the richest botanical habitats of Asia. A small portion of the forest area in Meghalaya is under what is known as
“sacred groves”. These are small pockets of ancient forest that have been preserved by the communities for hundreds of
years due to religious and cultural beliefs. These forests are reserved for religious rituals and generally remain protected
from any exploitation.
Meghalaya also has a large variety of mammals, birds, reptiles and insects. The important mammal species include
elephants, bear, civets, mongooses, weasels, rodents, gaur, wild buffalo, deer, wild boar and a number of primates.
Prominent bird species in Meghalaya include the Magpie-Robin, the Red-vented Bulbul, the Hill Myna is usually found in
pairs or in flocks in the hill forests of Meghalaya, the Large Pied Hornbill and the Great Indian Hornbill, which is the largest
bird in Meghalaya. Common reptiles in Meghalaya are lizards, crocodiles and tortoises. Meghalaya also has a number of
snakes including the python, Copperhead, Green Tree Racer, Indian Cobra, King Cobra, Coral Snake and Vipers.
4. NATIONAL PARKS
• Balpakram National Park:- Balpakram means 'land of the eternal wind'. It was inaugurated
in December 1987 and provides habitat for barking deer, Asian golden cat, Bengal tiger,
marbled cat, wild water buffalo, red panda and Indian elephant.
• Nokrek National Park:- Nokrek is a hotspot of biodiversity in Meghalaya. Established in
1986. The National Park area comprising around 47.48 square kilometres and provides
habitat to many wildlife species.
5. WILDLIFE SANCHTUARIES
• Siju Wildlife Sanctuary: The oldest and the first Wildlife Sanctuary of Meghalaya located in
the remote Garo Hills region of Meghalaya. It is home to many wild animals such as
Elephants, Barking Deer, Sambar Deer, Wild Boar, Tiger, Clouded Leopard etc. Popularly
regarded as the "Bird Sanctuary", the area offer many enchanting migratory birds encounters
inside the Sanctuary such as Siberian Ducks, Spoonbill, etc.
• Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary: The Sanctuary falls in the Eastern Himalayan Global bio-
diversity hot spot. This area is rich in Floral and Faunal wealth. The area harbors over 50
species of mammals and 25 species of reptiles. Out of 140 species of mammals listed in
Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act,1972, about 30 species are found in this
Sanctuary.
 POLITICAL STATUS OF MEGHALYA
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly has 60 members at present. Meghalaya has two
representatives in the Lok Sabha. It also has one representative in the Rajya Sabha. However
recently in March 2013 the Meghalaya High Court was separated from the Guwahati High Court.
Some of the tribal communities in the region had their own traditional political systems, and it was
felt that Panchayati Raj institutions may come into conflict.
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is a unicameral legislature in the government of the state of
Meghalaya in India. Constituted as a directly elected body in 1972, it has 60 members. Like other
Indian states, Meghalaya has a parliamentary system of government. The executive branch of the
Meghalaya Government is derived from the Legislative Assembly.
In independent India, the areas now constituting the state of Meghalaya were part of the state of
Assam and represented in the Assam Legislative Assembly. The Indian Parliament passed the
Assam Reorganization Act in 1969, which led to the establishment of an autonomous state of
Meghalaya within Assam on 2 April 1970. A legislature of 37 members for the new autonomous
state was established. The first sitting of the assembly took place on 14 April 1970. In 1971, the
Indian Parliament passed the North-Eastern Areas Act, which converted Meghalaya from an
autonomous state within Assam to a full member state of the Indian Union. The State of
Meghalaya was officially formed on 21 January 1972.
POLITICAL SCIENCE INTEGRATED
SOME OF THE REGIONAL PARTIES OF MEGHALYA ARE:
1. The National People's Party is a national-level political party in India,
though its influence is mostly concentrated in the state of Meghalaya. The
party was founded by P A Sangma after his expulsion from the NCP in July
2012. It was accorded national party status on 7 June 2019. It is the first
political party from Northeastern India to have attained this status.
2. The United Democratic Party is a political party recognised in
Meghalaya state, India. It is now led by Metbah Lyngdoh. It was started by
E. K. Mawlong. In 2008, UDP formed Meghalaya Progressive Alliance.
3. The People's Democratic Front (PDF) is a regional political party in the
Indian state of Meghalaya. The PDF was founded in 2017 and is led by P. N.
Syiem and Auspicious L. Mawphlang. Currently, it is part of the North-East
Democratic Alliance. The PDP's aim is to improve the development of the
state especially of its tribal people living in it.
4. The Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP) is a regional political
party active in the state of Meghalaya. Formed in 1968 as a split from the
All Party Hill Leaders Conference by Hopingstone Lyngdoh. The HSPDP is
part of the North-East Regional Political Front, which consists of the
regional northeastern parties.
 ECONOMIC STATUS AND GDP CONTRIBUTION
Meghalaya has predominantly an agrarian economy with a significant commercial forestry
industry. The important crops are potatoes, rice, maize, pineapples, bananas, papayas, and
spices. The service sector is made up of real estate and insurance companies. Meghalaya's
gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at ₹16,173 crore (US$2.3 billion) in
current prices.
• Agriculture :
Meghalaya is basically an agricultural state with about 80% of its population depending
entirely on agriculture for their livelihood. Nearly 10% of the geographical area of
Meghalaya is under cultivation.
• Industry :
Meghalaya has a large forest cover, rich biodiversity, and numerous water bodies. The low
level of industrialization and the relatively poor infrastructure base acts as an impediment
to the exploitation of these natural resources in the interest of the state's economy. Though
It is rich in Natural resources leading to flourishing of Industries .
ECONOMICS INTEGRATED
At current prices, the Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP) of Meghalaya reached Rs.
0.35 trillion (US$ 4.17 billion) in 2020-21.
The state’s GSDP (in Rs.) increased at a CAGR
of 6.74% between 2015-16 and 2020-21.
As of April 2021, Meghalaya had a total
installed power generation capacity of
616.03 MW, comprising 354.53 MW from
state utilities, 13.92 from private utilities and
247.58 MW from central utilities. Of the
total installed power generation capacity,
409.27 MW was contributed by hydropower,
160.31 MW by thermal power and 46.45
MW by renewable power.
 K
POPULATION OPOPULATION DISTRIBUTION
CH
7
Meghalaya like any other state of India is the home to many % BI
diverse ethnic groups from all over the country. AT HAJONG
E 8%
Some of them are: 8
% BE
1. Bengali N
2. Nepali G
NE AL
3. Hajong:-The Hajong people are an ethnic group PA I
from Northeast India and northern parts LI 59
17 %
of Bangladesh. The majority of the Hajongs are settled in %
India and are predominantly rice farmers. BENGALI NEPALI BIATE

4. Biate:-Their language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family.

They are one of the oldest hill tribes of North East
India especially among the Chin-Kuki-Mizo family. KOCH HAJONG

5. Koch:-The Koch are a small trans-border ethnic group. The

Koch people consist of nine ethno-linguistic groups.
MATHS INTEGRATED
 LAND DISTRIBUTION
LAND DISTRIBUTION
Meghalaya has a geographical area of 22,429 sq. km.
The state has most of its area covered with hills
interspersed with small valleys of varying elevation.
Meghalaya has a dense forest cover with 17,275 sq. km FORESTS UNCULTIVABLE LAND
of its area under forests. This accounts for 77% of the LAND UNDER MISC. PLANTS CULTURABLE LAND

total geographical area of the state. FALLOW LAND CURRENT FALLOW

NET SOWN AREA

LITERACY LITERACY RATE

2001 vs 2011
RATE
Literacy rate in Meghalaya has seen upward trend and is 74.43
percent as per 2011 population census. Of that, male literacy
80
70
60
50
stands at 75.95 percent while female literacy is at 72.89 percent. 40
30
In 2001, literacy rate in Meghalaya stood at 62.56 percent of 20

which male and female were 65.43 percent and 59.61 percent 10
0
MALE FEMALE
literate respectively. MATHS INTEGRATED 2011 2001
 SEX RATIO
SEX RATIO 1,176,087
1,180,000

1,491,832 1,170,000

Total population of Meghalaya as per 2011 census is 1,160,000

2,966,889 of which male and female are 1,491,832 and 1,150,000

1,475,057 respectively. In 2001, total population was 1,142,735 1,140,000
2,318,822 in which males were 1,176,087 while females were 1,475,057
1,130,000
1,142,735. The total population growth in this decade was 1,120,000
27.95 percent while in previous decade it was 29.94 percent. MALE FEMALE

The population of Meghalaya forms 0.25 percent of India in 2011 2001

2011. In 2001, the figure was 0.23 percent. RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION

RELIGIOUS DATA 80
RELIGIOUS DISTRIBUTION

Christianity is most popular religion in Meghalaya with 74.59% of 70

60
75

state population following the same. Hinduism is second most 50

40
popular religion in Meghalaya state with 11.53% following it. In 30
20
Meghalaya state, Islam is followed by 4.40%, Jainism by 0.02 %, 10
0
12 9
4
Buddhism by 0.33% and Sikhism by 0.10%. Around 8.71% stated IT
Y
U
IS
M
SL
A M
IS
M0
IS
M0
IS
M0
IO
N
IO
0N
A
N
D I KH IN D
D IG IG
'Other Religion', approximately 0.32% stated 'No Particular I ST
I
H
IN SI JA
BU R
EL
R
EL
R ER N
O
CH
Religion'. MATHS INTEGRATED O
TH
 SCIENCE MUSEUMS AND CENTRES
The State Council of Science Technology & Environment (SCSTE), Meghalaya was constituted by
the Government of Meghalaya on the 30th January, 1995 and was registered under the
Meghalaya Societies Registration Act, 1983. The Council was established with a mission to ensure
effective utilization of science & technology for all round development of the State and its main
function is to identify, formulate, execute and follow-up schemes for the State on various aspects
of science & technology. It's objective is To ensure effective utilization of Science & Technology
for all round development of the State.
Sone renowned Science museums in Meghalaya are :
1. Science Museums in Meghalaya
2. Wankhar Entomology Museum also called as Butterfly Museum
3. Captain Williamson Sangma State Museum
4. Museum of the Zoological Survey of India, Shillong

SCIENCE INTEGRATED
 FACTS ABOUT MEGALAYA
1. The name Meghalaya means ‘abode of clouds’ in Sanskrit. Megha means ‘clouds’ and laya means ‘adobe’. It is called
so in Sanskrit because the state receives abundant rainfall and sunshine all throughout the year making it one of the
richest botanical habitats in Asia.
2. The British Indian government nicknamed it the ‘Scotland of the East’. They called it so because the rolling lush green
hills of Meghalaya reminded the British of Scotland country.
3. Meghalaya is the home to the top two wettest places on earth, according to Guinness Book of World Records. These
two places are Cherrapunji and Mawsynram.
4. It’s home to the cleanest village in Asia, Mawlynnong.
5. Meghalaya is the only Indian state that follows the Matriarchal system of society.
6. Here in Meghalaya, the children take the surname of the mother. Girls in the family inherit the property from their
parents and boys go to the bride’s home after marriage.
7. Nohkalikai Falls is the highest waterfall of Meghalaya and the 3rd highest waterfall in India.
8. The highest peak in Meghalaya is Shillong Peak that has an altitude of about 1,961 meters, which is now a very
prominent Indian Air Force Station in the Khasi Hills overlooking the city of Shillong.
9. Meghalaya’s forests are considered to be among the richest botanical habitats of Asia with about 70% of the state
being forested.
10. India’s longest natural cave, Krem Liat Prah is located here. It is not only the longest natural cave in India but also in
South Asia.
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been adopted by the development
community and 193 member-states of the United Nations as the development
agenda from 2015 to 2030. The SDG Agenda-2030 sets out 17 goals namely no
poverty, zero hunger, quality education, gender equality, clean water, industry
innovation, reduced inequality, sustainable cities, climate action, life on land peace
and justice. In the SDG India Index 3.0, Meghalaya has seen an advancement in their
ranking from the 25th position to the 23rd position. The Government of Meghalaya
has formed an SDG Cell at the State level in March 2018 for coordinating the
preparation of its draft ‘Meghalaya Vision 2030’ document and implementation. As
in the rest of the world, Meghalaya’s traditional ethos of environmental
conservation and community governance has been diluted in the last few decades,
leading to land degradation in some regions. In addition, the impact of climate
change is being felt in multiple ways. The rainfall pattern in the state has become
erratic and extreme weather events have become more frequent. In response to this
Meghalaya had became the first state in India to draft a comprehensive Water Policy.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“It is not possible to prepare a project without the assistance & encouragement of
other people.”
This one is certainly no exception. On the very outset of this presentation, I would like to
extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the personages who have helped us
in this endeavor. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, I
would not have made headway in the project. I am ineffably indebted to all the teachers
for conscientious guidance and encouragement to accomplish this assignment. We are
extremely thankful and pay our gratitude to my teaching faculty for their valuable
guidance and support on completion of this presentation in its presently.
We extend our gratitude to Air Force School Hindan for giving us this opportunity. We
also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards all of our
parents and member of our family, who have always supported us morally. At last but not
least gratitude goes to all of our friends who directly or indirectly helped our to complete
this presentation. Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean lack of
gratitude