GROUP 3

Structure and Physical

Properties of Organic
Compounds
Basic Reactions Of Organic Compounds
Benzene and
It’s
Derivatives
Benzene
What is benzene?
Organic Chemical
Compound
Molecular Formula C6H6
Composed of six carbon
atoms
Benzene and its
Significance in Organic
Chemistry.
Aromaticity
Reactivity
Importance in organic
synthesis
Solvent
Molecular Structure of
Benzene
The molecular formula of benzene is
C6H6, which indicates that it consists
of six carbon atoms (C) and six
hydrogen atoms (H).
Benzene Lewis structure

The Lewis structure of benzene

represents its molecular
structure by showing the
arrangement of its atoms and
valence electrons.
Properties of
Benzene
Odor
Color
Boiling Point
Density
Solubility
Melting Point
Vapor Pressure
Chemical Properties
of Benzene

Resonance Structure
Lack of Addition
Reactions
Heat of Hydrogenation
Reactivity Patterns
Aromaticity Rules
Common Benzene
Derivatives

 Toluene
(Methylbenzene)
 Phenol
(Hydroxybenzene)
 Aniline (Aminobenzene)
 Nitrobenzene (Benzene
with a Nitro Group)
Synthesis of Benzene
Derivatives

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

(EAS)
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and
Acylation
Reduction of Nitro Compounds
Halogenation and Dehalogenation
Hofmann Rearrangement
Diazo Coupling
Grignard Reaction
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Esterification and Hydrolysis
Applications of Benzene
and Its Derivatives
 Toluene (Methylbenzene)
• Paints and Coatings
• Adhesives
• Fuel Additive
• Production of Chemicals
 Phenol (Hydroxybenzene)
• Plastics
• Pharmaceuticals
• Disinfectants
• Laminates
 Aniline (Aminobenzene)
• Dyes and Pigments
• Rubber Chemicals
• Pharmaceuticals
• Plastics
 Nitrobenzene (Benzene with a Nitro
Group)
• Explosives
• Synthetic Chemicals
• Polymers
Environmental and Safety
Concerns
Toxicity
Air Pollution
Groundwater and Soil Contamination
Bioaccumulation
Contaminated Sites
Regulatory Concerns
Alternative Chemicals and
Technologies
Waste Management