The document discusses human blood groups, including the ABO and Rh blood group systems. The ABO system is determined by the presence of antigens A and B. A person's blood type is based on which antigens are present. The Rh system indicates the presence or absence of the Rh factor protein. A person's blood type includes both their ABO and Rh status. Proper matching of blood types is essential for safe blood transfusions to avoid an immune response.
The document discusses human blood groups, including the ABO and Rh blood group systems. The ABO system is determined by the presence of antigens A and B. A person's blood type is based on which antigens are present. The Rh system indicates the presence or absence of the Rh factor protein. A person's blood type includes both their ABO and Rh status. Proper matching of blood types is essential for safe blood transfusions to avoid an immune response.
The document discusses human blood groups, including the ABO and Rh blood group systems. The ABO system is determined by the presence of antigens A and B. A person's blood type is based on which antigens are present. The Rh system indicates the presence or absence of the Rh factor protein. A person's blood type includes both their ABO and Rh status. Proper matching of blood types is essential for safe blood transfusions to avoid an immune response.
The document discusses human blood groups, including the ABO and Rh blood group systems. The ABO system is determined by the presence of antigens A and B. A person's blood type is based on which antigens are present. The Rh system indicates the presence or absence of the Rh factor protein. A person's blood type includes both their ABO and Rh status. Proper matching of blood types is essential for safe blood transfusions to avoid an immune response.
determined proteins that mark each person’s blood in a unique way. • If an antigen other than your own enters your body, the body recognizes it as foreign and triggers the immune system to release antibodies against it. vocabulary • Antibodies (agglutinins) = proteins contained in the blood plasma which identify foreign antigens and alert the immune system. • Once identified, antibodies bind to the foreign blood cells and cause them to clump, a process called agglutination. Blood transfusion • When blood vessels are broken, blood loss can lead to weakness, shock and eventually death. • Loss of over 30% of a person’s total blood volume can be fatal unless treated with a whole blood transfusion. • Whole blood transfusion is also used to treat chronic health conditions such as anemia or thrombocytopenia. • When giving a blood transfusion, it is essential to test the blood groups of both the donor and recipient. human Blood groups
• Includes the ABO and RH
blood groups. ABO Blood Group • The ABO blood group is based on two antigens: Antigen A and Antigen B. • Type A Blood = Presence of antigen A • Type B Blood = Presence of antigen B • Type AB Blood = Presence of antigens A and B • Type O Blood = Neither antigen A or B
• These antigens are genetically determined.
• Antibodies are formed during infancy to protect the body against
antigens. ABO blood group ABO blood group
• During a blood transfusion, only certain types of donor
blood will be successfully transplanted in a recipient. • Agglutination causes blood cells to rupture, releasing hemoglobin into the blood stream which often blocks kidney tubules and results in kidney failure. Abo blood group • Universal Donor: Since Type O blood does not contain any antigens, anyone can receive this blood. • Universal Recipient: Since Type AB blood does not contain any antibodies, it can receive any type of transfusion. Rh blood group
• The Rh blood group is one of the most complex blood
groups known in humans. From its discovery 60 years ago where it was named after the Rhesus monkey, it has become second in importance only to the ABO blood group in the field of transfusion medicine. • The Rh factor is one of the proteins on RBCs used to indicate whether the blood of two different people is compatible when mixed Rh blood group • Called Rh because Rh antigens was originally identified in Rhesus monkeys but were later discovered in humans. • The positive or negative sign next to the blood groups is known as the Rhesus (Rh) factor. The Rh factor is an inherited protein that can be found on the surface of the red blood cell. • If your blood type is positive, then your blood cells have the Rh protein. • If your blood type is negative, then your blood cells lack the Rh protein. • Although Rh positive is the most common blood type, having a Rh- negative typing does not indicate illness and usually doesn’t affect your health. RHESUS MONKEYS • During a blood transfusion, only certain types of donor blood will be successfully transplanted in a recipient. • For example: a recipient with type A blood can only receive a transfusion of type A OR type O blood. If given type B blood, the anti-B antibodies in the recipient’s plasma will attack the A antigens causing agglutination. • Agglutination causes blood cells to rupture, releasing hemoglobin into the blood stream which often blocks kidney tubules and results in kidney failure.