Lesson 4

CHAP 8:
MATHEMATICAL
MODELING
MATHEMATICS FORM 5 KSSM
Prepared by: Teacher_Azlina
 what are the important things you need to know
Solve real life problems
about exponential functions? through mathematical
modeling which involves
An exponential function can describe a situation growth or decay.
the initial amount increases or decreases at a certain rate. the exponential function
time and communicate the
𝒚 = 𝐂 𝒂𝒙 Positive & a ≠ 1 mathematical modeling
Initial amount rates process implemented.
3
20 ×1 =20
y y
20 ×1− 3=20
𝑦 =𝐶 𝑎 𝑥 𝑦 =𝐶 𝑎−𝑥
×
1
2
20 × (− 2)
−𝑐 𝑐−
x x
The line never touches the x-axis
because ax cannot be zero
what situations are closely related to exponential
functions?
used to predict human populations, animal populations, money growth,
pollution growth, and other aspects of society that fit exponential models
 How to construct exponential functions?
Solve real life problems
through mathematical
The child population in Kuala Lumpur in 2021 is 3800 and is believed to be
grow at a rate of 10% a year. Write a function that model the child modeling which involves
population in t years. the exponential function
C = 3800 y = Population in certain year and communicate the
a = 10% mathematical modeling
Population depending on the time in year
x= t process implemented.

𝒙
𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
x y

0 3800 ➚10% or 0.1

1 3800+(38 0 0 ×0.1) 3800 ×(1.1) ➚10% or 0.1
3800 ×(1+0.1)
2 3800 ×(1.1)
× (1 .1 ) ➚10% or 0.1
3 3800 × ( 1 .1×(1.1)
)2 ➚10% or 0.1
3
4 3800 × ( 1 .1 ) ×(1.1)
t

The equation is
 Lets to
How interpret the exponential
construct exponential functions?
functions
Solve real life problems
time
through mathematical
The equation is
modeling which involves
the exponential function
increase
increase/decrease
(a) Every year the population ________________ 1.1
at a rate of _______
and communicate the
mathematical modeling
10
(b) Every year, ______ AddedAdded
to /subtracted
to from
% of children are _______________________
process implemented.
to the total number of children.

𝒙
𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
(c) Calculate the number of children in 2040.
t= 2040 - 2021
= 19 years

𝒚=𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟎×𝟏 . 𝟏𝟏𝟗
¿𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟎𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐧
Example 2
Solve real life problems
Irwan has a pencil with the length of 17 cm. The length of the pencil will through mathematical
decrease by 2% after sharpening every 2 days. Write a function that modeling which involves
model the length of pencil in t days.
the exponential function
C = 17 y = Length of pencil and communicate the
a= 2% mathematical modeling
Length of pencil depending on days
x= t process implemented.

𝒙
𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
x y

0 17 ➘2% or 0.02
÷2 2 17 ×(0.98) 17 × ( 0.98 )
1

÷2 4 17 ×(0.98)
× (0.98)
÷2 6 17 × ( 0.98×(0.98)
)2
÷2 3
17 × ( 0.98 ) ×(0.98)
×
8
÷2 t
The equation is
Example 3
Solve real life problems
Elysa is an artist. She assume her twitter followers will increase every 3 through mathematical
month. Her initial followers are 1200. Write a function that model the modeling which involves
number of follower in certain month. the exponential function
and communicate the
C = 1200 y = Total number of followers mathematical modeling
9 process implemented.
a=
10

𝒙
The equation is

𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
x= t

x y
➚ or 0.9
0 1200
÷3 3 1200 ×1.9
÷3 6 × (1 .9 )
1200 ×(1.9)
÷3 9 1200 × ( 1 .9×(1.9)
)2
÷3 t
Example 4
Solve real life problems
At the beginning of a year, Mr Gomez saves RM20 000 in his savings through mathematical
account with an interest rate of 4% per annum and the interest is
compounded once a year. Derive a mathematical model for Mr Gomez’s modeling which involves
total savings after t years of saving. Solve this problem through the exponential function
mathematical modeling. and communicate the
mathematical modeling
(1) Identify and define the problem.
process implemented.
What do you know or need to know? What are you looking for

𝒙
Mr Gomez saving is compounded at rate Total saving after t years

𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
4% once a year.
His initial amount RM20 000.

(2) Making and identifying the variables

What can you assume?
– Assume that Mr Gomez did not
withdraw or raise his savings.
Identify the variables
P = Initial amount.
r = interest rate.
x = number of times.
y = total saving
Example 4
Solve real life problems
At the beginning of a year, Mr Gomez saves RM20 000 in his savings through mathematical
account with an interest rate of 4% per annum and the interest is
compounded once a year. Derive a mathematical model for Mr Gomez’s modeling which involves
total savings after t years of saving. Solve this problem through the exponential function
mathematical modeling. and communicate the
mathematical modeling
(3) Applying mathematics to solve problem.
process implemented.

𝒙
P = 20000 x y

𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
r = 4% ➚4% or 0.04
0 20000
x= t
1 20000 ×(1.04 )
y = Total saving 2 20000 ×(1.04 )×(1.04)
2
3 20000 × ( 1 .04 ) ×(1.04)
𝑡
t 20000 × ( 1 .04 )
The equation is
Example 4
Solve real life problems
At the beginning of a year, Mr Gomez saves RM20 000 in his savings through mathematical
account with an interest rate of 4% per annum and the interest is
compounded once a year. Derive a mathematical model for Mr Gomez’s modeling which involves
total savings after t years of saving. Solve this problem through the exponential function
mathematical modeling. and communicate the
mathematical modeling
(4) Verifying and interpreting the solution in the context of the problem.
process implemented.
The equation is T 0 10 20 30 40
𝑦

𝒙
y 20000 29604.9 43822.5 64868 960204

𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
Draw graph to get a 100000 –
visual image. X
80000 –

60000 – X

40000 – X
X
20000 X
–

30 40 𝑡
Example 4
Solve real life problems
At the beginning of a year, Mr Gomez saves RM20 000 in his savings through mathematical
account with an interest rate of 4% per annum and the interest is
compounded once a year. Derive a mathematical model for Mr Gomez’s modeling which involves
total savings after t years of saving. Solve this problem through the exponential function
mathematical modeling. and communicate the
(5) Refining the mathematical model. mathematical modeling
process implemented.
The equation is annual rates

𝒙
𝒚=𝐂𝒂 ,𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂≠𝟏
The mathematical model is 𝒚 = 𝑷 (𝟏+ 𝒓 )𝒕
number year
What if the interest compounded monthly?
2 quantities will change:

Annual rate monthly rate

𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
12
n of year n of month 𝑛𝑡

( )
𝒏𝒕
𝒓
𝒚
The new mathematical model for n time of month is = 𝑷 𝟏 +
𝟏𝟐
 Syllabus
completed
Textbook
Exercise
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