Solid Waste

Management & it’s

Role.

Presented by
Prajwal.d
 Contents .
1. Introduction
2. Types of solid wastes
3. Sources of wastes
4. Management Plans
5. Techniques
6. Summary
7. References

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Introduction
Solid waste management is a term that is used to
r e f e r t o t h e p r o c e s s o f c o l l e c ti n g a n d t r e a ti n g
s o l i d w a s t e s . I t a l s o o ff e r s s o l u ti o n s f o r r e c y c l i n g
items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As
l o n g a s p e o p l e h a v e b e e n l i v i n g i n s e tt l e m e n t s
a n d r e s i d e n ti a l a r e a s , g a r b a g e o r s o l i d w a s t e h a s
b e e n an i s s u e . Waste m an agem ent i s al l a b o u t
how solid waste can be changed and used as a
valuable resource.

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Category of wastes.
Organic waste: Kitchen waste, waste from food preparation, vegetables, flowers, leaves,
fruits, and market places.
Combustibles: Paper, wood, dried leaves, packaging for relief items etc. that are highly
organic and having low moisture content.
Non-combustibles: Metal, Tins, Cans, bottles, stones, etc.
Toxic waste: Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide
containers, batteries, shoe polish.
Recyclables: Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
Ashes or Dust: Residue from fires that are used for cooking.
Construction waste: Rubble, roofing, broken concrete etc.
Hazardous waste: Oil, battery acid, medical waste, industrial waste, hospital waste.
Dead animals: Carcasses of dead livestock or other animals.
Bulky waste: Tree branches, tires etc.
Soiled waste: Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids

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Sources of wastes where generated ? FR
Every day, tones of solid waste are disposed of at various landfill sites. This waste
comes from homes, offices, industries and various other agricultural related
activities.
These landfill sites produce foul smell if waste is not stored and treated properly.
It can pollute the surrounding air and can seriously affect the health of humans,
wildlife and our environment. The following are major sources of solid waste

1. Residential
Residences and homes where people live are some of the major sources of solid
waste. The garbage from these places includes food wastes, plastics, paper, glass,
leather, cardboard, metals, yard wastes, ashes and special wastes like bulky
household items such as electronics, tires, batteries, old mattresses and used oil.
Most homes have garbage bins where they can throw away their solid wastes in
and later, the bin is emptied by a garbage collecting firm or person for treatment

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2. Industrial
Industries are known to be one of the biggest contributors to solid waste. They
include light and heavy manufacturing industries, construction sites, fabrication
plants, canning plants, power and chemical plants.

These industries produce solid waste in the form of housekeeping wastes, food
wastes, packaging wastes, ashes, construction and demolition materials, special
wastes, medical wastes as well as other hazardous wastes.
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3. Commercial
Commercial facilities and buildings are yet another source of solid waste today.
Commercial buildings and facilities, in this case, refer to hotels, markets,
restaurants, godowns, stores and office buildings.

Some of the solid wastes generated from these places include plastics, food
wastes, metals, paper, glass, wood, cardboard materials, special wastes and
other hazardous wastes.

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4. Institutional FR
The institutional centers like schools, colleges, prisons, military barracks and other
government centers also produce solid waste. Some of the common solid wastes
obtained from these places include glass, rubber waste, plastics, food wastes, wood,
paper, metals, cardboard materials, electronics as well as various hazardous wastes .
5. Construction and Demolition Areas
Construction and demolition sites also contribute to the solid waste problem.
Construction sites include new construction sites for buildings and roads, road
repair sites, building renovation sites and building demolition sites.
Some of the solid wastes produced in these places include steel materials, concrete,
wood, plastics, rubber, copper wires, dirt and glass

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 9. Biomedical FR
 This refers to hospitals and biomedical equipment and chemical
manufacturing firms. In hospitals, there are different types of solid wastes
produced.
 Some of these solid wastes include syringes, bandages, used gloves, drugs,
paper, plastics, food wastes and chemicals. All these require proper
disposal or else they will cause a huge problem for the environment and
the people in these facilities
 This refers to hospitals and biomedical equipment and chemical
manufacturing firms. In hospitals, there are different types of solid wastes
produced.

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6. Municipal Services
The urban centers also contribute immensely to the solid waste crisis in most countries
today. Some of the solid waste brought about by the municipal services include street
cleaning, wastes from parks and beaches, wastewater treatment plants, landscaping
wastes and wastes from recreational areas, including sludge.

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Methods of Solid Waste Disposal and Management

Here are the methods of solid waste disposal and management:

1) Solid Waste Open Burning
2) Sea dumping process
3) Solid wastes sanitary landfills
4) Incineration method
5) Composting process
7) Disposal by hog feeding
8) Salvaging procedure
9) Fermentation/biological digestion.

1. Solid Waste Open Burning

Solid waste open burning is not the perfect method in the present scenario.

2. Sea Dumping Process

This sea dumping process can be carried out only in coastal cities. This is very costly
procedure and not environment friendly.

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1. Solid Waste Open Burning FR
Solid waste open burning is not the perfect method in the present scenario.

2. Sea Dumping Process

This sea dumping process can be carried out only in coastal cities. This is very costly procedure
and not environment friendly.

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4. Incineration method FR
Incineration method is suitable for combustible refuse. High operation costs and
construction are involved in this procedure. This method would be suited in crowded
cities where sites for land filling are not available.
It can be used to reduce the volume of solid wastes for land filling

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5. Composting process FR
Composting process is similar to sanitary land-filling and it is popular in developing
countries. Decomposable organic matter is separated and composted in this
procedure. Yields are stable end products and good soil conditioners. They can be
used as a base for fertilizers.
Two methods have been used in this process:
a)Open Window Composting
b) Mechanical Composting

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9. Fermentation/biological digestion
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Biodegradable wastes are converted to compost and recycling can be done whenever
possible. Hazardous wastes can be disposed using suitable methods.
Following these procedures/process can help to manage solid waste disposal.

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