ROAD MAP

• STEPS OF NUTRITION
• THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• MOUTH-TEETH AND ITS FUNCTIONS
• PERISTALSIS AND DIGESTION IN STOMACH
• DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE AND PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION
• ABSORPTION, ASSIMILATION AND EGESTION
• NUTRITION IN RUMINANTS
• NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
 PRETEST
• 1. THE NUMBER OF PERMANENT TEETH IN AN ADULT IS ______
• A.36 B.32 C.20 D. 30
• 2. THE TEETH USED FOR BITING OR CUTTING
• I. CANINE
• II. PREMOLARS
• III. INCISORS
• IV. MOLARS
• 3. DIGESTION OF FOOD STARTS IN THE STOMACH-TRUE/FALSE
• 4. THE PROCESS BREAKING DOWN OF FOOD INTO SMALLER AND SIMPLER COMPOUNDS.____________
• 5. THE LARGEST GLAND IN THE HUMAN BODY IS
• I. HEART
• II. KIDNEY
• III. LIVER
• IV. STOMACH
DESCRIBE STEPS OF NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

Ingestion

Egestion Digestion

Assimilatio Absorptio
n n
EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF INGESTION

Proboscis
NUTRITION PROCESS IN AMOEBA
 THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Name the enzyme
present in saliva.
Write its functions.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr4onA2k_LY
TEETH &TONGUE( TYPES &CARE OF TEETH)
 OESOPHAGUS

• From the mouth, the food is pushed

down into the next organ called the
food pipe or oesophagus.
• It acts as a passage to carry the food
from the mouth to the stomach.
• No digestion of food takes place in
the oesophagus.
• The food is pushed down in a wave-
like motion caused by the contraction
and relaxation of the oesophagal
muscles. This wavy movement is
called peristalsis
 STOMACH
The stomach is the widest part of the alimentary
canal. It stores food and digests it by secreting
gastric juices and by muscular churning.
Mucosa-The inner lining of the
stomach which protects it from the
acidic effect of hydrochloric acid.
What are the functions of Gastric Juices
present in the stomach?
HCl + Enzymes
These enzymes break down the proteins
present in thefood into simpler
substances. The acid kills any bacteria
that come along the food.
DESCRIBE SMALL INTESTINE

The final and complete digestion of

food takes place in the small
intestine with the help of
digestive juices secreted by
liver and pancreas.
 LIVER &PANCREAS
Bile juice secreted from the liver is stored in a sac
called gall bladder.
Bile juice breaks down large fat globules into
smaller fat globules by the process of
emulsification.
The digestive juices then further break
these particles into fatty acids and glycerol.

The enzymes present in the pancreatic

juice break down starch into simple sugars
(glucose) and proteins into simpler
compounds called the amino acids.
 ABSORPTION OF FOOD IN THE SMALL INTESTINE

1.Soluble food gets absorbed in the small

intestine through minute finger-like
projections called villi (singular: villus)
present on the inner lining of the small
intestine. The villi are richly supplied with
blood vessels or capillaries. These villi
increase the surface area of the intestine
for absorption of the digested food.
2. The walls of small intestine have
numerous folds that increase the surface
area for absorption.
 ASSIMILATION OF FOOD

• THE ABSORBED NUTRIENTS ARE THEN CARRIED TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE

BODY THROUGH THE BLOOD.
• GLUCOSE ON COMBINING WITH OXYGEN INHALED THROUGH THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM RELEASE ENERGY.
• FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL ARE STORED IN THE BODY UNDER THE SKIN AS
ENERGY RESERVES.
• AMINO ACIDS ARE UTILISED FOR GROWTH AND REPAIR OF THE BODY.
 LARGE INTESTINE

The undigested and unabsorbed food is passed to

the large intestine.

The solid waste is stored in the rectum in the form

of faeces and expelled from the body through anus
by a process called defecation.
 NUTRITION IN RUMINANTS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPGoVQW7J8U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJomFwt3eMs
 QUESTION TIME
• F 1. A. ASSIMILATION AND ABSORPTION
• DURING ABSORPTION NUTRIENTS FROM THE FOOD GETS ABSORBED BY THE VILLI
INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE AND IS SENT INTO THE BLOOD TO BE CARRIED OUT TO
THE WHOLE BODY. ASSIMILATION MEANS UTILISATION OF ABSORBED FOOD FOR
THE PURPOSE OF GENERATING ENERGY, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
• B. INGESTION AND EGESTION
• INGESTION IS A PROCESS OF INTAKE OF FOOD MATERIALS. WHEREAS, EGESTION IS
A PROCESS OF ELIMINATION OF UNDIGESTED FOOD MATERIALS.
• INGESTION OCCURS THROUGH MOUTH. WHEREAS, EGESTION OCCURS THROUGH
ANUS.
• C. PERMANENT AND MILK TEETH
 Explain the role of acid produced in the stomach

Name the glands associated with our digestive system

 Why can humans not digest cellulose ?

List 2 features of small intestine that help in absorption of digested food.

Functions of large intestine
Explain the process of digestion in ruminants . How do ruminants digest their
food in two steps?
Explain how amoeba takes in nutrition with the help of
diagram