LEGAL

FOUNDATION
Week 6
 WHAT IS LAW?

• Law is a rule made by a government that states how people may and may not
behave in society and in business, and that often orders particular
punishments if they do not obey, or a system of such rules.

TYPES OF LAW
1.Criminal Law - a branch of municipal law which defines crimes, treats of their
nature and provides for their punishment.
2.Civil Law -Branch of Law that treats the personal and family relations of a
person, his property and successional rights, and the effects of obligation and
contracts.
3.Administrative law -deals with the decision-making of such administrative units of government
that are part of the executive branch in such areas as international trade, manufacturing, the
environment, taxation, broadcasting, immigration, and transport.

4.Property Law-The owner has the right to enjoy and dispose of a thing, without other limitations
than those established by law. ARTICLE 435. No person shall be deprived of his property except
by competent authority and for public use and always upon payment of just compensation.
ARTICLE 438.

5.Maritime law, also known as admiralty law, is a body of laws, conventions, and treaties that
govern private maritime business and other nautical matters, such as shipping or offenses occurring
on open water. International rules governing the use of the oceans and seas are known as the Law
of the Sea.
 Sources of Philippine Educational
Jurisprudence
1. CONSTITUTION
-the fundamental and supreme law of the land.

Constitutional Education - The state shall provide free and compulsory education of
all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a
manner as the State may, by law, determine

1987 Republic of the Philippines Article XIV: Section 1.

The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at
all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.

Section 2: The State shall:

1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people and society;
 Sources of Philippine Educational
Jurisprudence
2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and
high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children,
elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;

3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs,

subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both
public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;

4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as

self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community
needs; and

5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in
civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills.
 SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE
2. STATUTES
-It include Acts of Congress, municipal charters, municipal legislation, court rules, administrative rules and
orders, legislative rules and presidential issuances.

• Republic Act No. 10533

Act refers to Republic Act No. 10533, entitled “An Act Enhancing the Philippine
Basic Education System by Strengthening Its Curriculum and Increasing the Number of
Years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds There for and for Other Purposes”,
otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013.”

• Republic Act 7877

An act declaring sexual harassment unlawful in the employment, education, or
training environment, and for other purposes.
 SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE
• Education Act of 1982
This was an act providing for the establishment and maintenance of an integrated
system of education. In accordance with Section 2, this act shall apply to and govern both formal and non-
formal system in public and private schools in all levels of the entire educational system.

• Republic act 10157

It is also known as the <Kindergarten Educational act", which means kindergarten
education the first stage of compulsory and mandatory.

• Republic Act 10627

The “Anti-bullying act of 2013” , this law is one of the first anti-bullying laws in
the world.
 SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE

3. CASE LAW OR JURISPRUDENCE

- Case law is law that is based on judicial decisions rather

than law based on constitutions, statutes, or
regulations. Also, the word "Jurisprudence" derives from
the Latin term "Juris Prudentia" which means "the study,
knowledge, or science of law".