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 TITLE: ATOMIC STRUCTURE FRIDAY, SEPTE
MBER 8, 2023

Starter:
In pairs, brainstorm what you know already about the periodic table.
Complete a simple labelled diagram of an atom
What is an atom?
 STARTER REVIEW: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

1
1) Electron

2 2) Neutron

3) Proton

3 4) Nucleus

An atom is the smallest particle (unit of matter) of an element which can exist and be part of a
chemical reaction (a source of nuclear energy). It is the smallest unit of an element. Atoms consists of
a central nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons. Matter is made up of atoms.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Today we are learning about atomic structure and isotopes

This is building upon our GCSE knowledge of the structure of

the atom

This is so we can develop a secure chemistry foundation of

knowledge that we can build upon.
Chapter 2.1
Atomic Structure and Isotopes

Lesson objective:
 To be able to demonstrate knowledge, understanding and application of atomic structure and isotopes

Lesson 1
Transition Task Lesson 2
Atomic Structure Lesson 3 Formulae Lesson 4 Equations
History of the atom Relative Mass
and Isotopes
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: A QUICK HISTORY LESSON

Dalton tested the idea

and proved it.

(460–370 BC)
Democritus
JJ Thompson came up
Thought of the idea that with the idea that the
atoms existed. atom was like a Plum
Pudding!
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: A QUICK HISTORY LESSON

More accurate models have

Niels Bohr worked out that been made by the likes of de
electrons orbited the nucleus in Broglie, Heisenberg and
set energy levels Schrodinger (see Physics)

BUT.. It’s still a model!

Chadwick
Ernest Rutherford did an
discovered the
experiment and found out that
neutron.
atoms were almost all empty
space with electrons orbiting a
nucleus
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: HOW ATOMS VARY

Every atom of the same element has the same number of protons, so the same
atomic number. The number of protons defines the element.

Different elements in the periodic table have a different number of protons, so a

different atomic number.
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC
TABLE

Atomic number = number of protons

Chemical
Relative atomic mass symbol
= number of protons plus
(average) number of neutrons
in the nucleus
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC
TABLE

Atomic number = number of protons

Chemical
Relative atomic mass symbol
= number of protons plus
(average) number of neutrons
in the nucleus
NB: The periodic table for
our exam board has all
atoms RAM to 1 dp
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: PROPERTIES OF SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES

Questions

1) Why are all atoms neutral?

2) State the location of protons, neutrons and electrons
3) Why is nearly all an atoms mass found in the nucleus
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: PROPERTIES OF SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES

Questions

1) Why are all atoms neutral? Positive protons equals negative electrons
2) State the location of protons, neutrons and electrons Protons/neutrons are found in the nucleus and electrons are
found within shells/energy levels
3) Why is nearly all an atoms mass found in the nucleus Because it contains the protons and neutrons
MODELLING: CALCULATING NUMBER OF PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND
ELECTRONS

6 2 7
12 C 4
He 14 N 3-
CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING
CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING
 CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Work out the symbols for the following:

a) An atom with 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons
b) An ion with 16 protons, 16 neutrons and 18 electrons

S2-
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: ISOTOPES

Definition
 The same number of protons, so the same atomic number
But different numbers of neutrons and therefore different masses.

Example
Carbon-13 (13C) has 6 protons and 7 neutrons
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: ISOTOPES

Isotopes of the same element will have the

same number of electrons in the outer
shell.
It is the valence shell electrons that
determine the reactivity of an element.
The number of neutrons has no effect on
the reactivity, so different isotopes of the
same element react in the same way.
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: ISOTOPES

Isotopes of the same element may

have small differences in physical
properties.

Heavier isotopes will be more dense.

Melting and boiling temperatures

may also be higher for higher mass
isotopes.
 ESSENTIAL PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: WHAT IS AN ION?

Cations Anions
• Positively charged with fewer • Negatively charged with more
electrons than protons electrons than protons
Examples Examples
• Metals • Non-metals
Exam Questions
Exam Questions
 HOMEWORK

1) Complete summary questions for chapter 2.1 (page 11 of textbook)

2) What is a time-of-flight mass spectrometer?

How does it work? Annotate a diagram
Have ideas ready for next lesson!
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Today we are learning about atomic structure and isotopes

This is building upon our GCSE knowledge of the structure of

the atom

This is so we can develop a secure chemistry foundation of

knowledge that we can build upon.