Siddeeq public school

Virtual Teaching Pahse 1

Class:7
Week # 1, Lesson#1 (7m01)
topic: Introduction and add/sub of
Rational numbers
Topic:Introduction to
rational numbers
 CAN YOU RECALL?
How many TYPES OF numbers are you familiar with?
 NATURAL NUMBERS
 WHOLE NUMBERS
 INTEGERS
 NOW WE WILL DISCUSS NUMBERS WHICH WILL BE
NEW FOR YOU ..
 LET’S DISCUSS
 What is the need of rational numbers ?
 Before we start the introduction of rational numbers let us recall that for two
given integers a and b:
 their sum a + b,
 product a × b and

the difference a - b are always integers .
 However, it may not always be possible for a given integer to exactly
divide another given integer means the result of division of an integer by a
non- zero integers may or may not be an integer.
 For example, when 9 is divided by 4, the result is not an integer since we
know 9/4 is a fraction.
 CONCLUSION: Thus, there is need to extend the system of integers so that it
may also be possible to divide any given integer by any other given integer
different from zero (because division by zero is not possible).
 Definition of rational numbers :
 The numbers of the form a/b, or a number which can be expressed
in the form a/b, where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are integers and b ≠ 0, are
called rational numbers.
 OR In other words, a rational number is any number that can be
expressed as the quotient of two integers with the condition that
the divisor is not zero.
 For examples; each of the numbers 0, 1 , 2/3, 5/8, -3/14, -11/-5,
7/-9, 7/-15 and -6/-11 is a rational number.
 Is Every Rational Number an Integer?
 Every integer is a rational number but a rational number need not be an integer. 

 We know that 1 = 1/1, 2 = 2/1, 3 = 3/1, 4 = 4/1 and so on ……. . 

 also, -1 = -1/1, -2 = -2/1, -3 = -3/1, -4 = -4/1 and so on …….. .

 In other words, any integer a can be written as a = a/1, which is a rational number.

 Thus, every integer is a rational number. 

 Clearly, 3/2,-5/3, etc. are rational numbers but they are not integers. 

 Hence, every integer is a rational number but a rational number need not be an integer. 
 Rational Numbers in Decimal Fractions:
 Rational numbers can be expressed in the form of decimal
fractions.
 Note: Keep in mind rational numbers are not fractions they
are only expressed as a fraction. Because fraction represents
a part of a whole whereas rational numbers are quotient of
2 integers)
 These rational numbers when converted into decimal fractions
can be both terminating and non-terminating decimals.
Terminating decimals:
  Terminating decimals are those numbers which come to an end
after few repetitions after decimal point.
 Example: 0.5, 2.456, 123.456, etc. are all examples of
terminating decimals.
 Non Terminating decimals:
   Non terminating decimals are those which keep on continuing after decimal point
(i.e. they go on forever). They don’t come to end moreover sometimes the digits after
the decimal point repeats and sometimes they don’t.

 For example:
 π = (3.14159265358……..) is an example of non terminating decimal as it keeps on

continuing  after decimal point.

 1 /3 = 0.333333 … is also an example of non terminating

Decimal but with repeated digits in the decimal part.

Note : In example 1 , digits are not repeating in a specific order and we call it non
recurring non terminating decimal but in example 2 , digits are repeating in an order
and we call it recurring non terminating decimal.
Rational Numbers in Terminating and Non-Terminating Decimals
 Integers are positive and negative whole numbers including
zero, such as {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}.
 When these integers are written in the form of ratio of integers
it is known as rational numbers.
 So, rational numbers can be positive, negative or zero.
 Hence a rational number can be expressed in the
form of p/q where ‘p’ and ‘q’ are integers and ‘q’ is
not equal to zero.
Relation between Rational numbers & Decimals

 A non terminating decimal which has repeated pattern is

called as rational number.
 Because, the non terminating decimal which has repeated
pattern can be converted into fraction. 
 A non terminating decimal which has non repeated pattern is
called an irrational number.
 Because, the non terminating decimal which does not have
repeated pattern can not be converted into fraction.
 Activity:
 Fill in the blanks by keeping in mind the place value of 6287.48 in
base 10.
 Solution: 2
 6287.48 = 6 x __ + __ x 10 + 8 x 10 + 7 x 10 + 4 x 10 + 8 x 10
 Independent Practice :
 Write the number sentence of 43567.009 in base of 10 .
Addition & Subtraction
Of Rational Numbers
 Let’s Recall :Simplifying Fractions
• Simplifying fractions by dividing the numerator (top number) and
denominator (bottom number) by the same value.
• Repeat this until there are no more numbers that divide into both the
numerator & denominator.

• Example:

• Example:

• Example:
Adding /Subtracting Of Rational Numbers
 First, some general rules to remember:
 Rational expressions (fractions) can only be added or
subtracted if they have a common denominator.
 Here Question arises what if denominator are not same ??
 The numerator and denominator of a fraction may be
multiplied by the same quantity. This will result in a
fraction that is equivalent to the original fraction.
 For a fractional answer to be in final form, the fraction
must be reduced to lowest terms.
Adding /Subtracting Of Rational Numbers
 Adding or subtracting rational expressions is a four-step
process:
 Write all fractions as equivalent fractions with a common
denominator.
 Combine the fractions as a single fraction that has the
common denominator.
 Simplify the expression in the top of the fraction.
 Reduce the fraction to lowest terms.
Example:
Adding Rational Numbers
• Case 2: If 2 rational numbers have different denominators
 Subtracting Rational Numbers
• Case 2: When 2 rational numbers have different denominators.
• Remember : Rules are same for subtraction as for addition
Now It’s Practice Time:

Class Work
Practice Work :
Note : This is to be done on practice notebooks