CHANDRAYAAN 3

A Mission Of Hope For The Future Of Space Exploration.

Introduction Of
Chandrayaan 3

Chandrayaan 3 is India's third lunar mission

to soft land on the lunar south pole region.
The mission will conduct scientific
experiments to study the lunar geology,
atmosphere, and environment.
 Three Mission Objectives

1 2 3

Demonstrate safe and Conduct rover Conduct on-site

soft landing on the lunar operations on the experiments on the
surface Moon lunar surface
 Key Technologies

1 2 3
Altimeters Velocimeters Inertial Measurement
Laser & RF based Altimeters Laser Doppler Velocimeter & Lander Laser Gyro based Inertial referencing and
Horizontal Velocity Camera Accelerometer package

4 5 6
Propulsion System Navigation, Guidance & Control Hazard Detection and Avoidance
800N Throttleable Liquid Engines, 58N Powered Descent Trajectory design and Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance
attitude thrusters & Throttleable Engine associate software elements Camera and Processing Algorithm Landing
Control Electronics Leg Mechanism.
Lander Special Tests
Integrated Cold Test: For the demonstration of
1 Integrated Sensors & Navigation performance test
using helicopter as test platform

Integrated Hot test: For the demonstration of closed

2 loop performance test with sensors, actuators and
NGC using Tower crane as test platform

Lander Leg mechanism performance test on a lunar

3 simulant test bed simulating different touch down
conditions.
 Mission Components

Rover Lander module Propulsion module

This is a small, mobile vehicle that will conduct
on-site experiments on the lunar surface. It is
equipped with a variety of scientific
instruments, including a seismometer, a
spectrometer, and a camera.
This module will land on the Moon and deploy This module is responsible for carrying the
the rover. It also has a scientific payload that lander and rover configuration to the Moon. It
will study the lunar surface. also has a scientific payload that will study the
Earth from lunar orbit.
 Specifications For Chandrayaan-3 

Sl No. Parameter Specifications Sl No. Parameter Specifications

1.Propulsion Module: Communicates with IDSN
2.Lander Module: Communicates with IDSN and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is also planned for
1. Mission Life (Lander & Rover) One lunar day (~14 Earth days) 7. Communication
contingency link.
3.Rover: Communicates only with Lander.
1.Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP)
2.Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA)
3.Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC)
4.LHDAC (Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera)
2. Landing Site (Prime) 4 km x 2.4 km 69.367621 S, 32.348126 E 8. Lander Sensors 5.Laser Altimeter (LASA)
6.Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)
7.Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC)
8.Micro Star sensor
9.Inclinometer & Touchdown sensors
1.Lander:Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and
Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
2.Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)
3.Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)
3. Science Payloads 9. Lander Actuators Reaction wheels – 4 nos (10 Nms & 0.1 Nm)
4.Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) Rover:
5.Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)
6.Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) Propulsion Module:
7.Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)

1.Propulsion Module (Carries Lander from launch injection to Lunar orbit) Bi-Propellant Propulsion System (MMH + MON3), 4 nos. of 800 N Throttleable engines & 8 nos. of 58 N;
4. Two Module Configuration 10. Lander Propulsion System
2.Lander Module (Rover is accommodated inside the Lander) Throttleable Engine Control Electronics

1.Lander leg
2.Rover Ramp (Primary & Secondary)
1.Propulsion Module: 2148 kg
3.Rover
5. Mass 2.Lander Module: 1752 kg including Rover of 26 kg 11. Lander Mechanisms
4.ILSA, Rambha & Chaste Payloads
3.Total: 3900 kg
5.Umbilical connector Protection Mechanism,
6.X- Band Antenna
1.Propulsion Module: 758 W 1.Vertical velocity: ≤ 2 m / sec
6. Power generation 2.Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias 12. Lander Touchdown specifications 2.Horizontal velocity: ≤ 0.5 m / sec
3.Rover: 50W 3.Slope: ≤ 120
 Objectives Of Scientific Payloads

SI. No Lander Payloads Objectives

Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound To measure the near surface plasma (ions and electrons)
1. Hypersensitive ionosphere and Langmuir probe (LP)
density and its changes with time
Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical To carry out the measurements of thermal properties of lunar surface near polar
2.
Experiment (ChaSTE) region.
Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity To measure seismicity around the landing site and delineating the structure of the
3.
(ILSA) lunar crust and mantle.
4. LASER Retroreflector Array (LRA) It is a passive experiment to understand the dynamics of Moon system.

SI. No Rover Payloads Objectives Propulsion Module

Sl. No Objectives
Qualitative and quantitative Payload
elemental analysis & To derive Future discoveries of
LASER Induced Breakdown the chemical Composition and
1. smaller planets in
Spectroscope (LIBS) infer mineralogical composition reflected light would
to further our understanding of Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable allow us to probe into
Lunar-surface. 1.
Planet Earth (SHAPE) variety of Exo-planets
To determine the elemental
Alpha Particle X-ray which would qualify for
composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca,Ti,
2. habitability (or for
Spectrometer (APXS) Fe) of Lunar soil and rocks
around the lunar landing site. presence of life).
 Event Date Launch And Landing
Launch July 14, 2023
Of Chandrayaan-3
Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14,
Lunar transfer orbit July 15, 2023 2023. It entered a lunar transfer orbit on July
15, 2023. The lander is expected to land on
Landing on the lunar August 23-24,
the lunar south pole region on August 23 or
south pole region 2023
August 24, 2023.
 First Indian mission
to carry a rover Advances India's
space exploration
capabilities

The Significance
Of Chandrayaan-3
First Indian mission
to land on the lunar Promotes

south pole region international

cooperation in space
exploration
Mission Life
Propulsion Module
1 3 to 6 months

Lander Rover
2 1 Lunar Day

Landing Site
3 69.36 degree S, 32.34 degree E; slightly off the site
for Chandrayaan-2
 Mission Profile

Lunar Orbit
Lunar Orbit Insertion Lander Propulsion
Model Separation

EBNs

Touchdown
Lunar Transfer Trajectory
Injectio
n Orbit
Lander
Integrated Module Phase Deboost
 Mission Profile

Animation of Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 Earth Moon

Trajectory
The Earth-Moon average distance is
roughly 384,400 kilometers. To save fuel,
Chandrayaan-3 has chosen a longer route
to the Moon. This adjusted path aims to
ensure a gentle landing of the mission's
Vikram lander on the Moon's South Pole
area. The expected timeline for this soft
touchdown is approximately 42 days after
launch, specifically around August 23 or 24.
Nominal Flight
Sequence
06 07
05
04

03
Inertial Velocity
S.No Event Flight Time (s) Altitude (km)
(km/s)
2xS200 Ignition 0.00 0.024 0.452
02 1

2 L110 Ignition 108.10 44.668 1.788

3 2xS200 Separation 127.00 62.171 1.969

4 PLF Separation 194.96 114.805 2.560

5 L110 Separation 305.56 175.352 4.623

01 6 C25 Ignition 307.96 176.573 4.621

7 C25 Shut-off 954.42 174.695 10.242

8 Satellite Separation 969.42 179.192 10.269

 LVM3-M4-Chandrayaan-3 Mission Timeline

August 06, 2023 July 14, 2023

LBN#2 is successfully completed. The spacecarft is in 170 km x 4313 km orbit around the LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched Chandrayaan-3 into orbit. Chandrayaan-3, in its
moon precise orbit, has begun its journey to the Moon. Health of the Spacecraft is normal.

August 05, 2023 July 15, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 is successfully inserted into the lunar orbit. The orbit achieved is The first orbit-raising maneuver (Earthbound firing-1) is successfully performed
164 km x 18074 km, as intended. at ISTRAC/ISRO, Bengaluru. Spacecraft is now in 41762 km x 173 km orbit.

August 01, 2023 July 17, 2023

The spacecraft is inserted into the translunar orbit. The orbit achieved is 288 km The second orbit-raising maneuver performed. The spacecraft is now in 41603
x 369328 km. Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI) is planned for Aug 5, 2023. km x 226 km orbit.

July 25, 2023 July 22, 2023

Orbit-raising maneuver performed on July 25, 2023. Next firing (TransLunar Injection), is The fourth orbit-raising maneuver (Earth-bound perigee firing) is completed. The
planned for August 1, 2023. spacecraft is now in a 71351 km x 233 km orbit.
 LVM3-M4-Chandrayaan-3 Mission Timeline

August 09, 2023

Chandrayaan-3's orbit is reduced to 174 km x 1437 km following a manuevre performed
on August 9, 2023

August 23, 2023 August 14, 2023

Powered descent to commence on August 23, 2023, around 1745 Hrs. IST The mission is in the orbit circularisation phase. The spacecraft is in 151 km x
179 km orbit.

August 20, 2023 August 16, 2023

The Lander Module is in 25 km x 134 km orbit. The spacecraft is in an orbit of 153 km x 163 km after the firing on August 16,
2023.

August 19, 2023 August 17, 2023

The Lander Module is in 113 km x 157 km orbit around the moon. Second de-boosting is Lander Module is successfully separated from the Propulsion Module. Deboosting
planned for August 20, 2023. planned for August 18, 2023
Chandrayaan-3 Capture First Image

The Moon, as viewed by Chandrayaan-3 during Lunar Orbit Insertion

Chandrayaan-3 Mission Success

The Chandrayaan-3 mission was a success,

and India became the first country in the
world to land a spacecraft on the Moon's
south pole. The lander, named Vikram,
touched down on the lunar surface at 18:04
IST (12:34 UTC) on August 23, 2023. The
rover, named Pragyan, will now explore the
lunar surface for the next 14 days.
 After the Vikram lander successfully lands on
the Moon, it will wait for a while to let the

Vikram Lander lunar dust settle. This is to prevent the rover

from getting stuck in the dust. After about 4
After Landing hours, the Pragyan rover will be released
from the lander and will begin its journey to
explore the lunar surface.
Rover's Rollout Delay
The rover's rollout was delayed to let Moon
dust settle after the lander's touchdown.
Moon's weaker gravity makes dust clearance
slower, ensuring rover instrument protection
was ISRO's focus.
Pragyan Rover
Rolled Out
The Pragyan rover rolled out of the Vikram
lander on the Moon at approximately 12:30
AM IST on August 24, 2023. This was about 3
hours and 25 minutes after the Vikram lander
touched down on the lunar surface.
 Pragyan's Symbolic
Imprints
Pragyan is crafted to mark the national
emblem and ISRO's logo on the lunar surface.
It will traverse unexplored lunar terrain,
transmitting data and visuals after its landing.
 The Vikram lander and Pragyan rover will have a
mission life of one lunar day (about 14 Earth days).

About 14 Earth Days During this time, they will conduct a variety of
scientific experiments, including studying the lunar
surface, the lunar atmosphere, and the lunar water
resources.
First Observations From
The Chaste Payload
ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical
Experiment) measures lunar topsoil temperature near
the pole, using a 10 cm depth-capable probe with 10
sensors. The graph shows temperature variations at
various depths, marking the first profile for the lunar
south pole, with ongoing detailed observations.
LIBS Confirms The
Presence Of Sulphur
Chandrayaan-3 Rover's LIBS instrument achieved
the first in-situ measurements of the lunar south
pole, confirming the presence of Aluminum (Al),
Sulphur (S), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr),
Titanium (Ti), and later, manganese (Mn), silicon (Si),
and oxygen (O). Hydrogen investigation ongoing..
APXS Detects
Minor Elements
APXS identified minor elements, including
Sulfur, alongside expected major ones like
Aluminum, Silicon, Calcium, and Iron. LIBS
also confirmed Sulfur's presence. Detailed
analysis is ongoing.
RAMBHA-LP On-board
Measures Plasma
The RAMBHA-LP payload on the Chandrayaan-3
Lander has achieved a historic milestone by
conducting the first-ever measurements of the
lunar near-surface plasma environment in the
south polar region.
ILSA Monitors
Landing Site Activity

ISRO stated that the Instrument for Lunar

Seismic Activity (ILSA) on Chandrayaan 3 is the
moon's first Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
(MEMS) technology-based instrument. It has
captured vibrations from the Rover and other
payloads' movements.
Sleep Mode
In a significant update, the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) has confirmed that the 'Vikram
Lander' was placed in sleep mode around 08 AM
(Indian Standard Time) on Monday. ISRO reported
that data from the payloads has been transmitted to
Earth, and the payloads are now powered off.
 On September 2, the space organization
confirmed that Pragyan had finished its tasks
and was safely parked in sleep mode, with its
Why Sleep Mode? receiver active. ISRO further noted that Vikram
would enter sleep mode alongside Pragyan
once its solar power was depleted and the
battery was drained.
Hop Experiment
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) reported on
Tuesday that the lander had executed a successful hop
experiment. Upon receiving the command, it initiated its engines,
achieving the expected elevation of approximately 40 cm, and
safely landed at a distance of 30–40 cm from its starting point.

After conducting the experiment, the ISRO reported that the

Ramp, ChaSTE, and ILSA were initially retracted and then
successfully redeployed.
 Hop Experiment
Impacts

This successful hop experiment and its

promising results could have a profound
impact on future lunar missions with the
primary goal of collecting moon samples,
as well as upcoming human expeditions
to our celestial neighbor.
Rover Wake Up
ISRO also shared that they anticipate the
next sunrise, which is expected to awaken
the equipment on September 22, 2023, and
they are hopeful for a successful restart to
undertake a new set of tasks.
Conclusion Of
Chandrayaan 3

The success of Chandrayaan-3 is a major

milestone for India's space program and a
testament to the hard work and dedication
of the ISRO team. It also opens up new
possibilities for scientific research on the
Moon.
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