FORMS OF

COMMUNITY
ACTION
WHAT IS COMMUNITY ACTION?
 Isa manifestation of a collective grasp and
ownership of a situation that generally has
an effect on them.
 A community who are experiencing the

same situation tend to connect with each

other and pursue a common goal and
action.
PARTICIPATORY ACTION
PLANNING

 When applying a community-based

perspective of development, it is essential
to pursue participatory approaches not
only in the collection of community
information but also in the creation of
community action plan.
DEFINITION AND PRINCIPLES

 Participatory action planning is a process

where a community embarks on a project to
attain a given socioeconomic goal by
consciously diagnosing its problems and
charting a course of action to resolve those
problems.
 1. Development should be seen more as a change from
the bottom up than from the top down.
 Development programs should aim the strength local

organizations and not state and central government.

 The development process is supported by local

institutions with village panchayats, primary

cooperatives, religious, youth, community-based users
an self-help groups playing a leading role.
 It follows from the above the that the development

process must be based primarily on confidence rather

than expert and training.
 ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY
ACTION PLANNING
 The people’s inputs both in the content and
process are strategic in the development of
community action. The feasibility, accuracy,
and relevance of a community plan depend
on the participation of the people.
 STEPS IN PARTICIPATORY
PLaNNING
1. Identify local needs, particularly of poor The best way to find out what people need
rural families and what they see as possible solutions to
their problems is to ask them directly.
2. Collect basic data The aim is to get a factual baseline picture
which will help in setting goals and
measuring changes brought about by the
project at a later stage
3. Form working groups It is helpful to form working groups that
include local officials, to prepare status
reports and develop perspectives. The aim is
to analyze and compare data, draw
inferences, and identify priority areas for
intervention.
4. Formulate objectives The first step in participatory planning is
to define specific objectives. These should
be stated in concrete terms, e.g. increasing
(a) incomes of identified households, (b)
production of certain crops, and (c)
literacy among locally elected women
officials.
5. Decide on a strategy This is the most difficult part of
participatory local planning as it involves
assessing and mobilizing needed
resources and choosing the planning
methods. It is important to specify
6. Ensure Feasibility The working groups at this point should consider whether
the objectives are realistic. It is important to ensure that (a)
assumptions and stipulations regarding the availability of
resources, managerial competence, and technical expertise
are realistic; (b) proposed activities are economically
viable; and (c) local market can absorb the expected
outputs.

7. Prepare the work plan - A blueprint for decentralized project management drawn
up by the project implementation committee, specifying the
what, who, when, and how of local project implementation.
- (a) all activities for implementation of the project (b)
name(s) of the person(s) responsible for each activity; (c)
starting and completion time for each activity; and (d) the
means to carry out the activities.
 Project Work Plan Format
Name of the Name(s) of the Time Schedule Resources Checking
Activity Persons(s) When to When to Required for
Responsible Start Complete (Money, Acceptance,
Material, Availability
Manpower)

8. Prepare the budget
- The material and human resources must be given
monetary cost to form the project budget.
- The cost is further broken down in terms of each period
of time and also in terms of availability of resources
(whether locally available or to be secured from
outside).
- External resources can be government grants or loans
from financial institutions, etc.
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
Steps in the Implementation of Local Development Projects

1.Appointing a project coordinator

The coordinator can be hired from outside or inside

the community. The person should have commitment
and leadership qualities.
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
Steps in the Implementation of Local Development Projects

2. Setting up a project implementation and monitoring

committee

This is made up of the project coordinator,

representatives of the local community, and a
representative of the funding agency. Its role is to
supervise implementation on a day-to-day basis and work
asa crisis management group.
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
Steps in the Implementation of Local Development Projects

3.Staff training
This is need to orient project planning staff for the
jobs to be performed.
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
Steps in the Implementation of Local Development Projects

4.Transparency
Important foe retaining community interest and
support for the project to ensure its smooth progress.
*Project details
*budget
*Sources of Funds
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
5.Anticipating obstacles
Project coordinator should aware of likely difficulties, be
able to anticipate obstacles, and preventive action.

6. Timely release funds

*Implementation is often delayed by non-availability or
inadequacy of funds.
*If there is more than one source of funding, it is all more
necessary to ensure that no mistake is made in completing
the Terms and Conditions, document and submitting timely
reports is necessary for timely release of funds.
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
7.Monitoring
This is important for timely and proper project
implementation.

7.1. Monitoring parameters

*Time shedule
*Cost
*Process
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
7.Monitoring
This is important for timely and proper project
implementation.
7.2. Periodic monitoring format
Name of Due Actu On Implication Action By
the On al Time of required Whom
activity On Delay
 PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
OPERATIONAL STEPS
7.Monitoring
This is important for timely and proper project
implementation.

7.3. . Integrity
*It is important for the implementing
agency to maintain a high level of financial
credibility, which is closely watched by
funding agencies
PREPARATION IN COMMUNITY
ACTION PLAN
In data collection
there are Where are you at right
questions that
need to be
now? What are your
answered in order concerns?
to get a general
picture of where
the community Where do you want your
people are. Some
of the basic community to be?
questions are?

How do you want to get

there?
There are some questions that are considered as
cornerstones of the process.
There are variety of forms on community examination

SWOT ANALYSIS
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

EPC ANALYSIS
EPC ANALYSIS
Economic Political Cultural
 Exploration of Community Problems

The exploration of community problems

includes fathering of new data based on the
existing data.
Environmental Scanning

Environmental scanning refers to the

acquisition and use of data about happenings,
developments, and interactions, in an
organization external environment.
Step 1: Situational analysis Provides the basis for identifying
using secondary data key issues and setting program
priorities

Step 2: List issues that are This steps refers to help to

important based on determining analyzed needs. A
secondary data community is needed to conduct
step #2

Step 3: Conduct situational This step refers to help to

analysis determine the prescribed needs of
using primary data from a key stakeholders, which are
cross-section of the instrumental to the survival of the
population community organization
 Te n p o i n t p r o c e s s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l s c a n n i n g
Step 4: Map citizens voice to Mapping is a way of dividing the
obtain primary data from a community into adaptable segments
cross-section of the to involve a diverse group of
population citizens representing varying
opinions and interests.

Step 5: Collect primary Use any combinations of

data in each of the mapped community forums, focus groups, or
areas surveys this allows for a
methodological triangulation of the
data on the community’s expressed
needs.
Step 6: List issues that
consistently surfaced as
important in steps 2, 3, and
step 5
Step 7: Conduct external
assess assessments
Identify and assess assets of
individual and organizations. This
assessment is a mean to identify
untapped individual skills and
talents, as well as agencies or
organizations that are already
addressing some aspects of the
issue
Step 8: Prioritize Issues
Step 9 : Examine the
complexity and
interdisciplinary nature of
priority issues.
These are those that were
consistently deemed as most
important by most people
Develop program strategies to
address the priority issues in a
comprehensive and holistic way. It
is essential to understand the
complexity and interdisciplinary
nature of priority issues so that
effective programs can be
planned.
Step 10: Identify priority Information from the database
issues can be sorted into reports that will
help identify top-priority issues,
assets, and subsequent strategies.
INTERPRETATION OF PROBLEMSAND PRIORITIZATION
OF COMMUNITY ACTION

There are two ways to undertake the priorities for action.

1.Rational Prioritization-includes a process of

weighing up pros and cons.

2. Prioritization by Motivation-involves people

expressing personal motivation and passion
for an issue.
 INTERPRETATION OF PROBLEMSAND PRIORITIZATION
OF COMMUNITY ACTION

The next is to consider the feasibility of the people's ideas.

1.Political Feasibility - is the proposed project aligned with the

local government and organizational policies?
2. Financial Feasibility-(if applicable) Will it turn a profit
and how quickly?
3. Logistical Feasibility-Do you have the resources to fulfill
the proposal? Does the community have the necessary
resources? Is there appropriate infrastructure?
4. Implementability-Do you have the skills, money, and time?
 COMMUNITY ACTION PROJECT PLAN

WHAT IS A PROJECT?
A project is a set of interrelated activities undertaken
by a group of people within a specific period to
achieve the objectives defined by the group. Its
objective is to improve the situation of the
community.
COMMUNITY ACTION PROJECT PLAN
What are the guiding principles in community
projects?
1. Participative-people in the community must
be involved in all stages of the project cycle
because they have the right to be involved in
matters and decisions that affect their lives
2. Gender-Sensitive-recognize the different
needs of all genders in the community; actively
involves both women and men in all stages of
the project cycle; ensures that the project
benefits everyone.
COMMUNITY ACTION PROJECT PLAN
3. Community-Based-activities are sensitive
to the culture and practices of the people in the
community.
4. Sustainable-benefits derived by the
community from the project should continue
even if project implementation is over.
5. Learning-oriented-ensures that the people
involved learn from project experiences
COMMUNITY ACTION PROJECT PLAN
Before the formulation of the project plan, it is
important that you have an idea of the whole
project cycle. The activities include the
following:
1. Situation analysis/evaluation
2. Generation of project ideas
3 Project selection
4. Project planning
5. Fund sourcing
6. Project implementation and monitoring
7. Project evaluation
COMMUNITY ACTION PROJECT PLAN
Before the formulation of the project plan, it is
important that you have an idea of the whole
project cycle. The activities include the
following:
1. Situation analysis/evaluation
2. Generation of project ideas
3 Project selection
4. Project planning
5. Fund sourcing
6. Project implementation and monitoring
7. Project evaluation
 COMMUNITY ACTION PROJECT PLAN
Below is a template for the preplanning activity and
project plan.
PROPOSED PROBLEM ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
PROJECT ADDRESS
FORMAT OF THE PROJECT PROPOSAL
1. General information
1. 1 Project site
1.2. Implementing group
2. Rationale
2.1 Context of the project- Why are you
implementing
this project? What is the situation that prompted you
to conceptualize the project?
2.2 Need for project- Why do you need to implement
a project like this? Does it address community needs?
How will your project address that need?
3. Objective
This section answers the question: What does your project
hope to do? Use SMART (Simple, Manageable, Attainable,
Realistic, and Time-bounded) objectives.
4. Factors affecting project implementation

AS A STUDENT IN THE
COMMUNITY
Strength Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
 5. Roles and Responsibilities- who are the
parties involved? What are their roles?
6. Work Plan Template
Activity Venue Time Expected Resources Budget Resources Person in
Frame Output Needed Mobilization Activity Charge