This document introduces some basic concepts of DC circuits including charge, current, voltage, power, and circuit elements. It defines charge as the fundamental quantity measured in coulombs. Current is defined as the flow of charge over time measured in amperes. Voltage is the energy needed to move a unit of charge and is measured in volts. Power relates voltage, current, and energy, with the relationship of power equals voltage times current. Circuit elements can be either active elements that generate energy, or passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
This document introduces some basic concepts of DC circuits including charge, current, voltage, power, and circuit elements. It defines charge as the fundamental quantity measured in coulombs. Current is defined as the flow of charge over time measured in amperes. Voltage is the energy needed to move a unit of charge and is measured in volts. Power relates voltage, current, and energy, with the relationship of power equals voltage times current. Circuit elements can be either active elements that generate energy, or passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
This document introduces some basic concepts of DC circuits including charge, current, voltage, power, and circuit elements. It defines charge as the fundamental quantity measured in coulombs. Current is defined as the flow of charge over time measured in amperes. Voltage is the energy needed to move a unit of charge and is measured in volts. Power relates voltage, current, and energy, with the relationship of power equals voltage times current. Circuit elements can be either active elements that generate energy, or passive elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
circuit is the electric charge. ■ Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C). ■ The charge e on an electron is -1.602 x 10-19 C. Charge (cont.) Current ■ A unique feature of electric charge or electricity is that it is mobile; it can be transferred where it can be converted to another form of energy. ■ When a conducting wire is connected to a battery, the charges are compelled to move; positive charges in one direction and negative charges in the opposite direction. Current (cont.) ■ This motion of charges is what creates an electrical current. ■ Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A). ■ 1 ampere = 1 coulomb / second ■ It is conventional to take the current flow as the movement of positive charges, although current is actually due to negatively charged electrons. Current (cont.)
■ A direct current (dc) is a current that
remains constant with time. ■ An alternating current (ac) is a current that varies sinusoidally with time. The Relationship ■ Mathematically, the ■ The charge relationship between transferred between current i, charge q, time t0 and t is found and time t is by integrating both sides; Voltage
■ To move an electron in a particular
direction requires some work or energy transfer. This work is performed by an external electromotive force (emf), typically a battery. ■ This emf is also known as potential difference or voltage. Voltage (cont.) ■ The voltage between ■ where w is energy in two points a and b is joules (J) and q is the energy (or work) charge (C). The needed to move a voltage is measured unit charge from a to in volts (V). b. ■ 1 volt = 1 joule / coulomb = 1 newton*meter/ coulomb Voltage Polarity ■ The plus (+) and ■ The polarity can be minus (-) signs are interpreted in two used to define ways: reference direction or voltage polarity. ■ vab = -vba Power
■ Although current and voltage are the two
basic variables, they are not sufficient by themselves. ■ For practical purposes, we need to know how much power a device can handle and how much energy is consumed over a period of time. Power (cont.) ■ To relate power and ■ We write this relationship energy to voltage and as current, we recall that: ■ power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in watts (W). ■ p is power in watts (W), w is energy in joules (J) and t is time in seconds (s). Power (cont.)
■ The power p is a time-varying quantity
and is called instantaneous power. ■ p > 0, power is absorbed ■ p < 0, power is supplied ■ power absorbed = - power supplied Power (cont.)
■ The law of conservation of energy must be
obeyed in any circuit. For with this reason, the sum of power in a circuit must be zero. Energy
■ Energy is the capacity to do work,
measured in joules (J). ■ The energy absorbed or supplied by an element from time t0 to t is Circuit Elements
■ An element is a basic building block of a
circuit. ■ There are two types of elements: active and passive. Circuit Elements (cont.) ■ Active elements are ■ Passive elements capable of generating cannot create energy energy ■ Resistors ■ Generators ■ Capacitors ■ Batteries ■ Inductors ■ Amplifiers Circuit Elements (cont.)
■ The most important active elements are
voltage and current sources because they deliver power to the circuit. ■ There are two types of sources: independent and dependent. Circuit Elements (cont.) ■ Independent sources ■ Dependent sources provide a specified have their source voltage or current quantity controlled by that is completely another voltage or independent of other current. circuit variables. Circuit Elements (cont.)
■ There are 4 possible types of dependent
sources: voltage controlled voltage source, current controlled voltage source, voltage controlled current source, and current controlled current source.
Desires - How Are You Feeling Today Sir? If Huminto Po Si PT, Iallow Po Natin Siya & Bigyan Siya NG Time To Fully Undertand What He Is Feeling Right Now.