Ahmed Sherif

Mohamed
21010098
Fresh
Transformer type
based on
insulation used
 Dry type transformer

A dry-type transformer is one that does not contain a

liquid medium surrounding its windings. The insulating
medium surrounding the winding is a gas or dry
compound. When compared to oil-immersed ones,
dry-type transformers are lighter and non-flammable.

Windings are coated with resin or varnish to protect

them. They are suitable for both indoor and outdoor
applications, but they are recommended only for dry
environmental conditions. Some of them are
equipped with forced cooling arrangements also.
 Oil-immersed transformers

Oil-immersed transformers consist of a core and coil

assembly immersed in a tank filled with insulating oil.
The core is made of laminated sheets of magnetic
material, while the windings are typically copper or
aluminum conductors. The oil provides insulation
between the windings and the core, as well as heat
dissipation.
 The insulating oil used in oil-immersed transformers
is usually mineral oil, which has high dielectric
strength and good cooling properties. The oil helps to
prevent electrical breakdown and provides effective
insulation. It also serves as a coolant, absorbing and
dissipating heat generated during transformer
operation.
Vs
 OIL Vs DRY

 
1- Cooling Medium
Transformers overheat under load. They need a cooling medium to prevent overheating and potentially
causing a fire or explosion.
The most significant distinction between the two transformers is their cooling medium. Dry-type transformers
employ air as a cooling medium, while oil-filled ones, as the name suggests, use oil.
 
2- Maintenance

Oil-filled transformers are more high maintenance than dry-type ones. Oil-filled transformers require
additional attention because the oil must be tested for chemical contamination regularly. Additionally, they
require oil filtration at least once a year.
Dry-Type Transformers if a minor event occurs, they do not need to be disconnected from the grid.
 OIL Vs DRY

 
3- Operational Cost
You might assume that oil-filled transformers entail higher costs than the dry types. However, the reality is
the contrary.
Oil-filled transformers are less expensive because they use conventional energy efficiency, making them
dependable and long-lasting. Dry transformers use more energy and entail a higher operational cost.
 
4- Recyclability
Dry-type transformers have a restricted coil recycling at the end of their service life, whereas oil units have a
much easier core recycling.
 
 OIL Vs DRY

5- Efficiency
Oil-filled transformers are more efficient than dry-type transformers, which are larger and have a lower
voltage rating. Thus, the dry types are more prone to overheating during overload, resulting in higher
electrical losses and maintenance costs.
 
6- Location
This is arguably the most significant consideration when choosing a transformer and a major difference
between the two. Oil-filled transformers are typically installed outdoors due to the risk of an oil spill, which
could pose a serious threat.
Dry-type transformers are specifically utilized in buildings since they are less hazardous and safer for the
environment. They’re also less explosive, so they’re utilized in malls, offices, hospitals, etc.
Transformer type
based on the
number of phases
 Single Phase Transformer

A type of transformer which consists of only one pair of the transformer coils or windings, i.e., one primary
winding and one secondary winding, and is used for transforming the single-phase alternating voltage to the
desired value, is known as single-phase transformer.
 

The core and winding arrangement of a typical single-phase transformer . The winding of the single-phase
transformer which is connected to the 1-phase AC supply is called the primary winding and the winding to
which the load is connected is called the secondary winding.
 Single Phase Transformer

The single phase transformers are commonly used in

different applications such as for supplying electric
power to domestic loads in rural areas where the
demand and cost is less, in home inverters, in
welding machines, in television sets and other
electronic devices for regulating the voltage.
 Three Phase Transformer

A transformer which consists of three-pairs of transformer windings placed in a three-section iron core, where
each section contains a pair of a primary winding and a secondary winding, and is used to step-up or step-down
the three-phase alternating voltage is known as a three-phase transformer.

The schematic of a typical core type three-phase transformer. However, a three-phase transformer can also be
designed by using three identical single phase transformers and this type of three-phase transformer is known
as bank of three transformers.
 Three Phase Transformer
Step up three phase transformer
Primary Windings: The primary winding
is connected to the lower voltage source.
Secondary Windings: This increased
number of turns induces a higher voltage
in the secondary winding when AC power
is applied.
Step down three phase transformer
Primary Windings: The primary
winding is connected to the higher
voltage source.
Secondary Windings:. This
decreased number of turns
induces a lower voltage in the
secondary winding when AC power
is applied.
 Three Phase Transformer

The three-phase transformers are widely used in electric

power system for transmission and distribution of electric
power.
As a single 3-phase transformer can supply three single-
phase circuits, hence it is economical than a single phase
transformer.
In practice, most of the distribution transformers used in urban
areas are the three-phase transformers.
 Three Phase Transformer

• A Delta (Δ) connection is preferred when a balanced load

is required, while a Wye (Y) connection is advantageous
for its ease of connecting single-phase loads, neutral
availability, and grounding benefits.

Windings and Connections

Primary - Secondary
Y-Y
Y-Δ
Δ-Y
Δ-Δ
Phase Shifting transformers(PSTs)
 Phase Shifting transformers(PSTs)
Phase-shifting transformers (PSTs) are specialized power transformers used in electrical grids to control the
phase angle of alternating current (AC) voltage. They achieve this by adjusting connections between multiple
windings on a shared core. PSTs serve crucial functions:

1. Voltage Regulation: PSTs control voltage levels by altering phase relationships, ensuring stable voltage
during changing loads.

2. Power Flow Control: They manage power flow on transmission lines by rerouting and preventing
congestion, optimizing asset utilization.

3. Interconnected Grids: PSTs align phases between different grid regions, enabling efficient power
exchange.

4. Asynchronous Systems:They synchronize different grid parts operating at varying frequencies or phases.

PSTs contribute to grid stability, resilience, and efficient power distribution. However, their complexity
demands regular maintenance and precise operation control.
THANK
S