Mar 04, 2023 ALKHOBAR SWRO2 DESALINATION PLANT

Weekly Toolbox
Talk

CONFINED
SPACE

Mar 04, 2023 ALKHOBAR SWRO2 DESALINATION PLANT

Toolbox Talk Meeting @ CONFINED SPACE SAFETY

Confined Space Safety

ALKHOBAR SWRO2 DESALINATION PLANT

 Toolbox Talk Meeting @ CONFINED SPACE SAFETY

Definition of Confined Space

- Is an area large enough to enter and work.

- Has limited means of entry and exit.

- Not designed for continuous human occupancy.

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Characteristics of Confined Space

• Contains or has a potential to cause hazardous atmospheres.

• Contains a material that has a potential for engulfing the entrant.

• Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be

trapped or asphyxiated.

• Contains any other serious recognized hazard.

 Toolbox Talk Meeting @ CONFINED SPACE SAFETY

Hazardous Atmosphere

• An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of

death, incapacitation, impairment of ability for self-rescue
(unaided), injury or acute illness from one or more of the
following causes:

• Flammable gas or mist in excess of 10% of its LEL.

• Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds
its LEL.
• Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 20-23.5%.
• Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to
life and health.
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Examples of Confined Space:

• Tanks
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Examples of Confined Space :

• Sewers
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Examples of Confined Space:

• Pits
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Potential Hazards in Confined Space

• Oxygen deficiency
• Oxygen enriched atmospheres
• Combustible and flammable materials
• Toxic gases and vapors
• Physical hazards
• Electrical Hazards
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Oxygen Deficiency

• Oxygen Level Below 20%.

• Causes Asphyxiation (e.g. Can not breathe due to lack of oxygen).
• Gases that displaces oxygen such as Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen,
Argon and Carbon Monoxide which prevents the body from using
the Oxygen.
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Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres

• Oxygen level is greater than 23.5%.

• Sources are welding and oxygen gas lines.
• Increases Fire or Explosion hazard.
• Never use oxygen to ventilate Confined Space.
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Combustible and Flammable Materials

• Some examples are

compressed air, propane
and welding gases.
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Toxic Gases and Vapors

• Most common include :

- Carbon Monoxide (CO)

- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
- Methane (CH4)
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Physical Hazards

• Falling, tripping,
moving parts and
engulfment.
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Electrical Hazards

• Electrocution,
electric shock and
sparks
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Requirements of Confined Space

• Confined space entry supervisor (CSES)

• Confined space entry plan
• Standby man
• Confined space entry checklist
• Confined space entry log
• Work permit requirements as per G.I. 2.100
• Barricades and warning signs
• Atmospheric gas testing
• PPE requirements
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Confined Space Entry Plan shall include :

• Scope of work
• Results of the hazard evaluation (e.g., potential hazards in confined space)
• Location and method of isolation
• Procedure for cleaning, flushing and purging
• Access and egress requirements
• Pedestrian, vehicle and other barriers necessary
• Fall protection plans
• Types and frequency of atmospheric testing
• Types of PPE required
• Emergency Rescue Procedures
• Work permit requirements
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Control Provisions

• Each designated confined space entry point shall be evaluated to

ensure entrants can safely enter and exit the confined space.
Designated entry points shall not be blocked or obstructed with
equipment while entrants are inside the space (e.g., air
cooling/ventilation hoses blocking an entry point).
• The completed work permit(s) (e.g., confined space entry, hot
work), confined space warning signs and barricades shall be
posted outside the confined space to notify personnel that a
confined space entry is in progress and to prohibit entry by
unauthorized personnel.
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Control Provisions

• Prior to entry, chemical, and physical hazards shall be eliminated

or controlled by one or more of the following methods: equipment
isolation(e.g., lockout/tagout), draining, water washing, steam
cleaning, purging and etc.
• Mechanical ventilation (e.g., air movers) shall be used to ensure
removal of all hazardous airborne contaminants in confined spaces
where a hazardous atmosphere exists or could develop during the
course of planned work.
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Control Provisions

• A standby man shall be assigned by the CSES at each designated

entry point and shall continuously monitor the confined space
entry while personnel are inside the confined space. In certain
situations (e.g., multiple entry/exit points) more than one
confined space standby man is required.
• Standby men shall be provided with adequate means of
communication (e.g., two-way radio) to ensure continuous
communication with entrants and with the proper personnel
(e.g., CSES, rescue team) in event of an emergency.
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Rescue Provisions

• At least one fire extinguisher (30 lb) shall be provided near each
designated confined space entry point if the space is within process
equipment (e.g., vessel, column, tank) or where combustible or
flammable material may be present (including residue). Carbon dioxide
(CO2) type fire extinguishers shall not be used inside enclosed confined
spaces.
• To facilitate nonentry rescue, retrieval systems or methods shall be used
whenever an entrant enters an enclosed confined space that requires
vertical entry (e.g., inside a vessel, column, tank, valve box, sump pit,
lift station), unless the retrieval equipment would increase the overall
risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue of the entrant.
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Confined Space Entry Checklist

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Confined Space Entry Log

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Barricades and Warning Signs

• Shall be posted
outside the confined
space to notify the
personnel that a
confined space is in
progress and prohibit
entry by
unauthorized
personnel.
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Atmospheric Gas Testing

• Atmospheric gas testing withing the confined space shall

include but not limited to testing for :
Oxygen (O2)
Flammable mixtures (LEL)
Toxic gases (e.g., H2S AND CO)
• Atmospheric testing shall be performed prior to entry, After
breaks or if there is a reason that the condition is changed or
at a periodic intervals (e.g., every 2 hours).
• Shall be conducted by a certified gas tester as per G.I.
2.709.
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Multi-gas Monitors

• OXYGEN - MIN 19.5% , MAX 23.5%

• CO - ALARM = 35PPM

• COMBUSTIBLE - ALARM = 10% LEL

• H2S - ALARM = 10 PPM

Toolbox Talk Meeting @ CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
Toolbox Talk Meeting @ CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
Toolbox Talk Meeting @ CONFINED SPACE SAFETY