Digital Transformation

Lab
By
B.Nagasuman
K.Narasimha

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Contents to be discussed.
• Node MCU
• Buzzer
• LCD crystal
Node MCU
• NodeMCU is an open source firmware for
which open source prototyping board
designs are available.
• The name "NodeMCU" combines "node"
and "MCU" (micro-controller unit).[
• The firmware uses the Lua scripting language.
• The prototyping hardware typically used is a circuit board functioning as a 
dual in-line package (DIP) which integrates a USB controller with a smaller
surface-mounted board containing the MCU and antenna. The choice of the
DIP format allows for easy prototyping on breadboards. The design was
initially based on the ESP-12 module of the ESP8266,

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Working
principle
• It initially included firmware
which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi
SoC from Espress if Systems, and
hardware which was based on
the ESP-12 module.
Projects that can be done by using Node
MCU
• So many projects can be done using Node MCU, that helps in
automating houses.
• Ex:- Smart door lock, security system.
Buzzer
• The buzzer is a sounding device that can convert audio
signals into sound signals. It is usually powered by DC
voltage. It is widely used in alarms, computers, printers
and other electronic products as sound devices. It is
mainly divided into piezoelectric buzzer and
electromagnetic buzzer, represented by the letter "H"
or "HA" in the circuit. According to different designs
and uses, the buzzer can emit various sounds such as
music, siren, buzzer, alarm, and electric bell.

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Two types of Buzzers.
• Piezo buzzer
• The piezoelectric buzzer uses the piezoelectric effect of the
piezoelectric ceramics and uses the pulse current to drive the
vibration of the metal plate to generate sound
• Electromagnetic buzzer
• Electromagnetic buzzer is composed of oscillator, solenoid coil,
magnet, vibration diaphragm, housing, etc. When the power supply is
switched on, the audio signal current generated by the oscillator
passes through the solenoid coil, which generates a magnetic field.
LCD Crystal
• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses
liquid crystals in its primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and
varying set of use cases for consumers and businesses, as they can be
commonly found in smartphones, televisions, computer monitors and
instrument panels.
• As LCDs have replaced older display technologies, LCDs have begun
being replaced by new display technologies such as OLEDs.
Working principle of LCD
• A display is made up of millions of pixels. The quality of a display
commonly refers to the number of pixels.
• Ex:- 4K display is made up of 3840 x2160 or 4096x2160 pixels.
• A pixel is made up of three subpixels; a red, blue and green—
commonly called RGB. When the subpixels in a pixel change color
combinations, a different color can be produced.