5.

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The Mole

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A collection term states
a specific number of items.

• 1 dozen donuts
= 12 donuts
• 1 ream of paper
= 500 sheets
• 1 case = 24 cans

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A mole is a collection that contains

• the same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in

12.0 g of carbon.
• 6.02 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number).

1 mole element Number of Atoms

1 mole C = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms
1 mole Na = 6.02 x 1023 Na atoms
1 mole Au = 6.02 x 1023 Au atoms

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A mole
• of a covalent compound has Avogadro’s number of
molecules.
1 mole CO2 = 6.02 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mole H2O = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules

• of an ionic compound contains Avogadro’s number of

formula units.
1 mole NaCl = 6.02 x 1023 NaCl formula units
1 mole K2SO4 = 6.02 x 1023 K2SO4 formula units

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1 mole C = 6.02 x 1023 C atoms

1 mole Al = 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms

1 mole S = 6.02 x 1023 S atoms

1 mole H2O = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules

1 mole CCl4 = 6.02 x 1023 CCl4 molecules

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Avogadro’s number 6.02 x 1023 can be written as an
equality and two conversion factors.

Equality:
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles

Conversion Factors:
6.02 x 1023 particles and 1 mole
1 mole 6.02 x 1023 particles

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Avogadro’s number is used to convert
moles of a substance to particles.

How many Cu atoms are in 0.50 mole Cu?

0.50 mole Cu x 6.02 x 1023 Cu atoms

1 mole Cu

= 3.0 x 1023 Cu atoms

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Avogadro’s number is used to convert
particles of a substance to moles.

How many moles of CO2 are in

2.50 x 1024 molecules CO2?

2.50 x 1024 molecules CO2 x 1 mole CO2

6.02 x 1023 molecules CO2
= 4.15 mole CO2

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1. The number of atoms in 2.0 mole Al is
A. 2.0 Al atoms.
B. 3.0 x 1023 Al atoms.
C. 1.2 x 1024 Al atoms.

2. The number of moles of S in 1.8 x 1024 atoms S is

A. 1.0 mole S atoms.
B. 3.0 mole S atoms.
C. 1.1 x 1048 mole S atoms.

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C. 1.2 x 1024 Al atoms
2.0 mole Al x 6.02 x 1023 Al atoms
1 mole Al

B. 3.0 mole S atoms

1.8 x 1024 S atoms x 1 mole S
6.02 x 1023 S atoms

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The subscripts in a formula show
• the relationship of atoms in the formula.
• the moles of each element in 1 mole of compound.

Glucose
C6H12O6

In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O

In 1 mole: 6 mole C 12 mole H 6 mole O
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9 mole C 8 mole H 4 mole O

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The subscripts are used to write conversion factors for
moles of each element in 1 mole compound. For aspirin
C9H8O4, the following factors can be written:

9 mole C 8 mole H 4 mole O

1 mole C9H8O4 1 mole C9H8O4 1 mole C9H8O4
and
1 mole C9H8O4 1 mole C9H8O4 1 mole C9H8O4
9 mole C 8 mole H 4 mole O

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A. How many mole O are in 0.150 mole aspirin
C9H8O4?

B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mole aspirin

C9H8O4?

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A. How many mole O are in 0.150 mole aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mole C9H8O4 x 4 mole O = 0.600 mole O
1 mole C9H8O4
subscript factor
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mole aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mole C9H8O4 x 4 mole O x 6.02 x 1023 O atoms
1 mole C9H8O4 1 mole O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor Number
= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms

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