GENERAL

CHEMISTR
Y 1

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL
 INTRODUCTION
TO
CHEMISTRY
Lesson 1: Matter and Its Properties

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LESSON 1: MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTOIBEJSECTIVES OF THE DAY

1 2
• I will be able to describe the
particulate nature of the different forms of
matter;
• I will be able to classify the properties of
• matter;
I will be able to differentiate 3 4

substance
pure and mixtures; elements and
compounds; homogeneous and heterogeneous
mixtures;
5 6

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LESSON 1: MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTOIBEJSECTIVES OF THE DAY
• I will be able to recognize the formulas of
some common substances; 1 2

• I will be able to discuss methods to separate

the components of a mixtures; and

• I will be able to recognize chemical 3 4

substances present in some consumer products

5 6

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Activity 1: What is Matter?

MATTE
R

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Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything on earth has mass and takes
up space.

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 PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER
These are the smallest unit of
matter that can’t be broken
down chemically.
ATOMS
These are particles that
These are groups of two or
have gained or lost one or
more atoms that are
more of their valence
chemically bonded.
electrons.
MOLECULES IONS
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 STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Activity 2: Table Completion

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 PROPERTIES OF MATTER

According to changed involved According to dependence on

during measurements of the amount of matter
property.

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL EXTENSIVE

INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
These can be measured These are the ability of a These can be
and observed without substance to react with It does not depend on affected by the size
changing the composition other substances such as the size or amount of and amount of
of the substance. air, water, and base. the sample. samples.

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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

INTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES EXTENSIVE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Color Melting Point Density Mass

Solubility Conductivity Malleability Volume

Length
Luster Viscosity Boiling Point

Temperature Odor

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 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
1. Combustibility Whether the substance undergoes combustion or not
\
2. Stability Whether the substance can be easily decomposed or not

3. Reactivity Whether it reacts with acids, bases, and oxygen, gas or not

4. Relative Activity Whether the material is more active or less active than other members of its
chemical family

5. Ionization Whether it will break into charged particles when in solution with water or
not.

6. Toxicity Whether substance can damage an organism or not.

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Activity 3
Group the characteristics of the give substance according to their physical (extensive or
intensive) or chemical properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

1. The water in the container has a

volume of 100 mL and a mass of
99.8 g. It is colorless, and tasteless. It
has a density of 0.998g/mL, boils at
100 degrees Celsius, and freezes at 0
degree Celsius. It does not burn. It
causes Iron to rust.

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Activity 3
Group the characteristics of the give substance according to their physical (extensive or
intensive) or chemical properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

2. NaCl with a mass of 37.9 g is colorless,

odorless, and salty solid crystals. It has
melting point of 801 degree Celsius. When
dissolved in 100 mL water, it conducts
electricity. It reacts with silver nitrate to form
a white precipitates. It also react with water
to form chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and
sodium hydroxide.

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 MATTE
R

PURE
It is a matter that has a definite MIXTURES
These are composed of two or more
s ubstances combined physically in variou s
composition and distinct properties
SUBSTANCE composition

It contains two or It is a solid, liquid, or

It is the simplest HOMOGENEOUS
gaseous mixture that has the
HETEROGENOU
It is a mixture whose
ELEMEN
form of matter sinc e COMPOU
more kinds of atom
chemically combined sameMIXTURE
proportions of its
composition
S MIXTURE varies from
it composed of onl y one position to another
T
one kind of atom. ND
in definite proportion
by mass
components throughout any
given sample.
within the sample.

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Activity 4: Pure Substance or Mixture?

1. TABLE SUGAR 2. TABLE SALT

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 PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

3. IODIZED SALT 4. DISTILLED WATER

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 PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

4. SOFTDRINKS 5. OXYGEN GAS (TANK)

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 PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

6. BROWN SUGAR 7. HUMAN BREATH

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Activity 5: HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

1. RUBBING ALCOHOL 2. WATER &OIL

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 HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

3. SALT & PEPPER 4. CARBONATED SOFTDRINKS

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 HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

5. HUMAN BREATH

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 SEPERATING MIXTURES
Chemist separate mixtures by using different methods.

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 SEPERATING MIXTURES
Chemist separate mixtures by using different methods.

1. Filtration is a process of separating the components of a suspension

2. In Decantation the solid particles are allowed to settled first at the bottom
and later, the liquid which is called supernatant is poured into another
container leaving behind solid particle.
3. Evaporation is the process of converting liquid to gas, is useful in sorting
mixtures such as salt solution.
4. Distillation is a process of separating a homogeneous mixture composed of
two substances with different boiling points.

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 SEPERATING MIXTURES
Chemist separate mixtures by using different methods.

5.Magnetic Separation is the process of separating elemental metals from

other particles in a mixture.
6.Melting is a process that can be used in extricating mixture that contain two
substances with different melting points.
7.Sublimation is a process of changing solid to gas without passing through
the liquid state.
8.In Centrifugation, the mixture is poured into a special tube in the centrifuge
apparatus, and is allowed to spin using centrifugal force. The spinning motion
forces the sediments to settle at the bottom. The liquid can be poured off from
the solid particles.

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9. Chromatography is another method of separating complex mixtures. It has various
methods that can be used in separating mixture such as paper chromatography, which
makes used of an adsorbent (filter paper or chromatogram paper), then separation depends
upon the solubility of each component in the solvent.

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