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COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT POWER PLANTS

Group Members
Rashid Sardar Bilal Ahmed Zain-Ul-Abdin 08-EE-31 08-EE-67 08-EE-61

Contents

Hydro Power Plant

Hydro Power Plant

Objectives

Convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine, into electric energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. Generate electric power Control the floods in the rivers Store irrigation water Store drinking water

Purposes

Hydro Power Plant

Site Selection
Best place for the Hydro Power Plant should be having

Water availability should be very high Convenient place for dam and reservoir erection Cheep and rocky Large catchment area of reservoir Adequate transportation facilities Small Distance from the load centre Stream diversion route during the time of installation

Merits of Hydro Power Station

No fuel requirement Very neat and clean plant Operation and maintenance costs very small Load can be varied quickly and rapidly The life of plant is long The efficiency of plant doesnt decrease much with age

Highly skilled technical personals are not required for operation No standby losses in the plant The plant can be run up and synchronized very quickly The plant can also help in irrigation and flood control Hydro power plants can achieve up to 70% efficiency.

HYDRO POWER PLANT

The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine, into electric energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located.

Demerits of Hydro Power Station

Construction cost

Very high

Installation time

Very long

Output of plant

Not constant because it totally depends on monsoon

Long transmission lines

Because plant is usually at the remote end

Space

It needs a large area

Flood Danger

Sometimes during the time of flood, excess water is to be drained out and that creates problem for the nearby inhabitants

Thermal Power Plants

Thermal Power Plants

Electricity is generated through

Firing of coal, gas etc Steam is produced in a boiler Steam drives a turbine connected to an alternator

Heat energy is converted to electric energy Steam is also produced as by product

Used in industry e.g. paper mills, textile mills, sugar mills, refineries

Thermal Power Plants

Site Selection for Thermal Plants

Availability of Coal (Fuel) Proper arrangement for ash disposal Nature of the land Location from load centre Availability of water Transport facilities Availability of labor

Merits of Thermal Power Plant

Space occupies
Less space is required

Cost
The initial cost is less compared to hydro power plant

Location
Plant can be located near the load centre

Response to load change

It is able to respond quick load changing without difficulty

Overload capacity
Turbine can work at 25% overload continuously

Demerits of Thermal Power Plant

Handling of coal and disposal of ash are difficult tasks Pollution of atmosphere is one of the major problems Less durable as compared to hydro power plants. Maintenance and operating costs are high Water is required in huge quantity Efficiency falls quickly below 75%

Nuclear Power Plant

Nuclear Power Plant

Fuel

Uranium is used as fuel

The uranium atom is split into two Energy is released in the form of radiation and heat. This heat is then utilized to produce electricity.

Site Selection for Nuclear Power Plant

Seismic and geologic sitting criteria should be met for setting a nuclear plant Meteorological conditions at the site and in the surrounding area should be considered Geological and hydrological characteristics of the proposed site should be checked

Merits of Nuclear Plants

No harmful gas emissions

No need of fossil fuels so no harmful carbon emission Nuclear power plants operate very efficiently and reliably. Nuclear reactors can be manufactured small enough to power ships and submarines. Nuclear power is an economic alternative to fossil fuel power stations

Reliability

Portability

Economical

Demerits of Nuclear Plants

Installation Cost

Very high initial cost Availability of fuel is another major issue

Radioactive waste

Nuclear radioactive waste that has lifespan of more than 5000 years Storing and monitoring the radioactive waste material for thousands of years has a high cost Nuclear powered ships and submarines pose a danger to marine life and the environment. Old vessels can leak radiation if they are not maintained properly.

Environmental effect

Wind Power Plant

In a wind power plant there are Windmills which captures wind energy and then uses a generator to convert it to electrical energy.

Merits of Wind Power Plant

Environmental Friendly

No fossil fuels are burnt

Less Space Occupied

Occupy a few square meters for the base This allows the land around the turbine to be used for many purposes, for example agriculture.

Merits of Wind Power Plant

Great resource for remote locations,

Such as mountain communities and remote countryside.

Better Solution to energy problems

When combined with solar electricity, this energy source is great for developed and developing countries to provide a steady, reliable supply of electricity.

Demerits of Wind Power Plant

Unreliability Factor

In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind turbine or wind farm, The use of solar power or geothermal power could be great alternatives.

Produce allot less electricity than the average fossil fuelled power station,

Requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in order to make an impact.

Demerits of Wind Power Plant

Cost

Construction can be very expensive and costly to surrounding wildlife during the build process.

Noise pollution

From commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small jet engine. For people living within a few hundred meters of a turbine, This is a major disadvantage.

Solar Power Plant

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either

Directly using photovoltaics (PV), Indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

Concentrated solar power

Use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.

Photovoltaic

Photovoltaic convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Merits of Solar Power

Environmental advantage

It is a environment friendly way to produce electricity.

Durability

Long life

Operating Cost

Electricity production is relatively less expensive No fuel is required

Demerits of Solar Power

Storage of power

Energy storage is an important issue Initial cost is very high Maintenance cost is high Need a proper place to operate Reasonable production requires very large panels Continuous availability is not possible

Cost

Suitable location

Low availability

Geothermal Power

Geothermal energy

Energy is contained in the heated rock and fluid that fills the fractures and pores within the earth's crust. It originates from radioactive decay deep within the Earth and can exist as hot water, steam, or hot dry rocks. These hot water, steam, or hot dry rocks can be used to generate electrical energy

Merits of Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is a well-proven energy resource that can be used to provide both heat and electricity via well-proven and mature technology. Efficiency

Using geothermal energy directly for heating applications can be up to 70 percent efficient

Demerits of Geothermal energy

Environmental effects

Air pollution from radon gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide emissions. They may cause land subsidence and increased seismic activity