TELEPHONE

INTERCOM
CABLE TV
AUDIO VIDEO SYSTEMS
PA SYSTEM
• Telephone communication, or telecommunication, refers to
the practice of communication over a telephone. Although
other forms of communication are also possible over the
same transmission lines, voice communication is the most
common.
• Telephone communication was first made possible in 1876 by
Alexander Graham Bell, and it was subsequently improved upon by
many others. The typical components that make voice
telecommunication possible are a microphone for capturing the
person's voice, a speaker to reproduce the other person's voice, a
dial pad to initiate a call, and a ringer to announce an incoming call.

• Telephones and telephone calls were initially too expensive for the
majority of households. As a result, only businesses and the very
wealthy had access to them. Telephone communication
revolutionized the way businesses performed work. It was no longer
necessary for long-distance communication to occur over days or
weeks because a phone call could be made in an instant.
• Since 1876, many advances have built upon the capability that was initially
introduced with the first telephone. Telephone lines have also changed
greatly to handle the consistently increasing variety and amount of
communication traversing them. Telephones, which were originally only
capable of voice communication, perform such a variety of functions that
entire guidebooks have been written on how to make full use of them.
• Telephone communication is one of the most important forms of
communication within the company. Although today its use is being
replaced by other forms of communication (such as email), phone use is
one of the most common means by which to materialize both internal and
external communications
ADVANTAGES OF
TELEPHONE
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication is advantageous because it allows for
immediate personal response, is interactive, facilitates long distance
communication and can be used to convey confidential information.
Telephone communication also promotes businesses through
telemarketing and market research
• Interactive Communication Telephone communication can link
various people in an organization through audio conferencing
sessions. Such conference calls can be used in conjunction with
video conferencing to view presentations, ask questions over the
Internet or even discuss issues with other attendees. This eliminates
the need for travel, making them both cost-effective and time-
saving
• Long-Distance Communication Compared to letters, telephone
communication is effective across long distances. It allows for
immediate responses and clarification of information. In addition,
telephone communication over long distances is less expensive
compared to physical travel.
• Effective Personalized Communication As opposed to emails and
text messages, which are simply words open to interpretation by
the receiver, telephone conversations provide a personal touch and
allows for expression of emotions through tone of voice. In
addition, telephones enable callers to leave detailed and clear
messages with ease. Furthermore, telephones are effective in times
of emergencies and natural disasters. In this regard, individuals are
able to give the police and other stakeholders a clear personalized
description of what may be going on.
• Confidential Some communications, including those involving
sensitive or personal information, are best handled through
personalized phone calls. Such two-way communication eliminates
misinterpretation of information. In addition, text messages and
emails become legal documents and can be retrieved as evidence
even after deletion.
Moreover, telephone conversations ensure that the message is
delivered only to the intended person. This is because the person
delivering the message is certain that the receiver is the intended
person. On the other hand, messages through emails and texts may be
accessed by unintended persons.
• Safe Although driving and making phone calls at the same time is
dangerous, the introduction of Bluetooth technology makes doing
so much safer. However, texting or emailing while driving is not only
illegal in some states, but also it's a leading cause of vehicle
accidents.
• Aid to Businesses Businesses may use telephone calls to market new products
and reach out to new markets. This personalized marketing strategy enables
the business to receive firsthand information regarding the products and the
market in general. Hence, such feedback points out areas that may need
improvement, which is essential in business policymaking. Telephones are an
integral part of the service industries such as hotels, restaurants and food
deliveries. This is because telephones enable potential customers to call in to
make reservations or order meals. In this regard, telephones are an important
link between such businesses and their target markets. Moreover, some
companies, such as those dealing with electronics, may set up call centers to
assist customers who face challenges with their products. This not only boosts
customer confidence, but also it eliminates the need for travel to specialized
technicians.
• Flexible and Relatively Affordable Current mobile phones have
Internet access, which enhances communication through several
platforms, such as emails, video calls and social networks. In this
regard, Internet access through mobile telephones results in
communication efficiency, flexibility and affordability
INTERCOM
• An intercom (intercommunication device), talkback or door phone is a
standalone voice communications system for use within a building or
small collection of buildings. Its a two-way communication electronic
device that contains circuitry for the purpose of transmitting and receiving
audio and/or video transmissions.
• Intercom allows a person speaking into a microphone to be heard on a
speaker by people in a different room or area.
• Intercom solutions have long outgrown the image of the single-line,
single-button door buzzer panel. In a wide range of communication and
building management settings, intercom is emerging as the future central
hub technology that brings together audio and video communication
• Intercoms come in a variety of styles. Some are extremely easy to
use while others can be very complicated. There are audio
intercoms, video intercoms, integratable and multi-tenant
intercoms.
• Intercom devices are available in various styles and designs. Some
of the designs are simple while others are not. Leaving aside the
various designs features, there are intercom devices specially
designed for specific functionalities
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERCOM SECURITY SYSTEMS:
• Wireless Intercoms In applications where wires cannot be run, a
wireless system is used.
• Wired Intercom Systems A wired system can give you a little more
privacy and eliminate possible interference from neighboring
systems.
• Video Intercom Typically includes a unit that has a camera, speaker,
and a push button going to an entrance door, and an internal
monitor unit that can communicate with the entrance unit
• Apartment Intercoms A visitor presses the correct button for the
apartment they want to speak to, and the tenant can speak back
and then press a button to unlock the door.
• Two-Way Radios There are two-way radios that communicate with
base station intercoms. So you can have the flexibility of a mobile
radio that communicates over long distances mixed with the
capability a fixed intercom gives you.
Security intercom systems
• Security intercom systems are used to provide voice communications
between two or more locations for security purposes. Security
intercom systems are frequently used between a locked building
entrance door and a constantly attended location in the building.
• A simple security intercom system consists of one “Master Station” and
one “Sub-Station”. The Master Station is typically located at the point
inside the building where communications is to be received. The
SubStation is typically located at the point where the communication is
to be originated
CABLE SYSTEM
• Cable systems were originally built to extend the reach of TV signals
and improve over-the-air TV reception.
• CATV originally meant “community antenna television.” This form of
transmission shared TV signals.
• Modern cable systems use fiber and coaxial cable for signal
transmission
Cable Technology Terms
• Broadband
• CATV
• Coaxial cable
• Tap
• Amplifier
• HFC
• Downstream
• Upstream
Cable System Components
Cable System Benefits
• Cable is cost-effective because “broadcast” architecture is cascaded
to users.
• Cable supports different services: Analog video Digital video Voice
Data
• Inexpensive high-speed Internet access enables the application of
advanced SOHO and teleworker deployments
Summary
• Modern cable systems provide two-way communication between
subscribers and the cable operator. Cable operators now offer
customers advanced telecommunications services including
highspeed Internet access, digital cable television, and residential
telephone service.
• Cable systems support telephony and data services and analog and
digital video services
AUDIO VISUAL
COMMUNICATION
AUDIO VISUAL COMMUNICATION is a productive form
of communication. Using sound and lighting
equipment improves communication by heightening
the awareness of your audience's sight and hearing.
AV makes it easier for your audience to
psychologically access and remember information
once they have left the event
Audiovisual (AV) is electronic media possessing both a sound and a
visual component, such as slide-tape presentations, films, television
programs, corporate conferencing, church services, and live theater
productions. Audiovisual service providers frequently offer web
streaming, video conferencing, and live broadcast services. Computer-
based audiovisual equipment is often used in education, with many
schools and universities installing projection equipment and using
interactive whiteboard technology. Another audiovisual expression is
the visual presentation of sound .
THE IMPORTANCE OF AUDIO & VIDEO CONFERENCING
IN BUSINESS
Technological advancements have shifted the way we conduct
business and how we communicate with our staff and customers.
Through the Internet and social media, the world has become a much
smaller place, with the capability of interacting with anyone from
anywhere in the world, at any time we choose. As a result, the way
we work has changed. No longer are we tied down to our desks, as it’s
becoming more frequent for employees to choose to work remotely.
To accommodate this shift, employers are adapting and finding new
ways through technology. Using mobile devices, adopting audio and
video conferencing and other systems, businesses are able to adjust
to maintain effective communication.
So, why is it so important for businesses to
embrace these changes? Let’s take a look at
the benefits of using audio and video
conferencing in business:
Reduces travel expenses – It was not that long ago when all
business meetings happened face-to-face, which involved
travel, time and expense. However, through audio and video
conferencing a company can save a lot of time and money
Increases productivity – Audio and video conferencing can be
conducted at any time, so you don’t have to waste additional
time organizing the meeting like you did before. You can
easily start an audio and video call through your PC, mobile
or other device simply, increasing efficiency and productivity.
It’s effective communication – Not only can you hear
people’s voices, through video conferencing you can also see
the people you are talking to, see their expressions, body
language and instant responses. It’s much more effective
than traditional email.
Builds good relationships with your clients – If your client has
a technical problem, a video call can offer a quick and simple
way to resolve the situation. Not only can they explain what
the issue is, they can actually show you, and you can then
guide them through how to solve it quickly and efficiently.
Keep connected to your employees – If you have employees
working from home or out on the road through audio and
video conferencing you can keep in contact with them at all
times. It’s an extremely convenient way to stay in touch
Improves teamwork – If you have large teams or members of
staff at different locations, video conferencing will help to
unite them. Employees can share information and
collaborate to make better informed decision, which will lead
to better working relationships internally.
There are numerous audio conferencing systems out there;
Skype, Windows, FaceTime and Messenger, to name a few.
All of which will offer you effective means of communication
with your colleagues and customers. For video conferencing,
there are a variety of systems that will meet your business
requirements.
The use of video communication has grown exponentially over
the past decade, especially in the business sector. Many
companies are using this form of technology to connect
employees working in different locations all over the world.
That inspires cross collaboration among company workers,
which leads to better performance and improved growth. A
business can also use video communication to establish a real-
time connection with clients, suppliers and partners. It's
basically something that any business, regardless of its size,
should adopt.
Different Types of Video
Communication
1. Video Calling
Video calling refers to a service where two or more people can
communicate through video using their phone or PC. Those
interacting via this type of call can basically see and hear one another
while conversing. Video calling assumes three main forms namely: on-
landline network, mobile, and internet.
-On-Landline Network: This mode of video communication can
happen between two PC’s using the same internet platform or
between PC and landline number. PC to PC communication service is
available for free for users of services like Skype and Facebook
Messenger. Video calling service is only charged when one uses a PC
to place a video call to a mobile or landline number. The charges
raised by telecom operators are usually for interconnecting to their
network. Hence the users of the network have to be billed for the
time they are on call.
Mobile Network: Video calling is not only limited to computers and
landline phones. Today, people can make video calls using 3G and 4G
mobile phones. 3G phones use a protocol referred to as H324M,
which adopts the Circuit Switched Mode to function. Most 4G mobile
devices utilize Packet Switched Mode protocol, which does not limit
bandwidth. That makes the video quality of the latter to be of higher
quality compared to the former. Most 3G and 4G handsets actually
have features that support video calls to any contacts in the phone.
-Internet: Making a video over the internet using this option can
either use Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) or H323 protocol.
Communication is purely established on the internet. Different
hardware and software can be used to connect communicators via a
VoIP service. Mobile phone users can also utilize video call apps to
interact with friends, family or workmates. Some of the popular
mobile apps used to make video calls include FaceTime, Skype,
Google Hangouts, WhatsAp and more.
2. Video Conferencing
Video conferencing is a form of communication where two or more
people can share a live, visual connection from different locations. Every
meeting participant can view other people on a grid with multiple
screens simultaneously. Video conferencing is mostly used in business
and education sectors to share information with people from multiple
locations. But how does this technology work? It's pretty simple. A video
stream from each participant is first transmitted to a Multipoint Control
Unit (MCU). At the MCU, several streams are selected, combined and
sent to all participants as a single audio and video stream. That means
all meeting attendees can get live video feeds as if they were interacting
with the other participants in the real world.
3. Telepresence
Telepresence is an advanced form of video conferencing that allows
for real-life simulation, where participants of a meeting feel as if they
were physically talking with one another. Participants can establish
eye contact and interact on a personal level. For telepresence to work
successfully, users need specially designed cameras and LCD screens.
Seating arrangements must also be unique i.e. curved seating where
people from both ends of the conference can see each other directly.
Sound and visual are transmitted in clear HD format, which makes a
meeting sound more lifelike. Telepresence is mostly used by
companies to hold corporate meetings with employees or link with
clients, suppliers and partners from all over the world
4. Video Sharing
Most video conferencing technologies offer users the option of
sharing videos during presentations. With this feature, meeting
participants can be able to view what the presenter has shared in
real-time. That’s made possible with the packet data connection
which works in line with the voice call. Sharing of videos on this
platform is instant and all meeting attendees can see the video files
simultaneously
PUBLIC
ADDRESS
SYSTEM
Introduction:
• A public address system (PA system) is an electronic sound
amplification and distribution system with a microphone, amplifier
and loudspeaker.
• The intensity of sound decrease with the distance to receive good
intensity of sound for comfortable listening.
• The system fulfils this function is called public address system.
• Or simply PA system.
• First electronics public address system from about1920 ,used to
amplify a speaker’s voice when addressing crowd.
• It consisted of a microphone attached vacuum tube amplifier
increase the power gain which drove loudspeaker.
• Microphone: It is a electrical transducer it pick up sound wave and
converts into the electrical variations called audio signal.
• Mixer : The output of the microphone is fed into the mixer stage. the
mixer stage is to effectively isolate different channels from each other
before feeding into the main amplifier.
• Voltage amplifier : It further amplifies the output of the mixer.
• Driver amplifier : It is gives voltage amplification to the signal to such an
extent that when fed to the next stage the internal resistance of that
stage is reduced .

• Power amplifier : it is gives desired power amplification to the signal. it is

push-pull type of circuit in general. the power amplifier connected to the
loudspeaker.

• Loudspeaker: It converts electrical audio signal into pressure variation

resulting in sound.
Typical PA Installation Planning:

Installation of a PA system need carefully thought and logical planning.

Planning for the following typical situation :

• I. Public meeting
• II. Auditorium having large capacity
• III. Debating chamber
• IV. Football stadium
• V. College sports
Application of PA system :

Used in
• Sports meets
• Public meeting
• Auditoriums
• Concerts & functions
• Railway station
• Airports
• Hospitals
• Factories etc.
THANK YOU!!! NEXT