OVERVIEW METABOLISME

ZAT GIZI MAKRO

Oleh :

Rimbawan

MATA KULIAH BIOKIMIA GIZI

DEPARTEMEN GIZI MASYARAKAT, FEMA-IPB
2022/2023
Ingat molekul dasar penyusun zat gizi makro

www.wondershare.com
Sumber : Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews
www.wondershare.com
www.wondershare.com
www.wondershare.com
Basic Principle of Metabolism
 The Needs for Cells:

 Metabolism (diet/digestive syystem)

- need energy sources and oxygen
- produce carbon dioxide (respiratory)
 Water Balance (renal)
- isotonic : required so that cells won’t explode or shrink
 Ion Balance (renal) : sodium, chloride, potassium,
calcium, hydrogen, bicarbonate ions
 Temperature (hypothalamus/pit./thyroid)
 Multicellular organisms
- Bulk transport : movement of substances (CV systems)
- Communication : neuro-endocrine system
 The Functions of Cells
(elaborated in specialized tissues)
 Metabolism (eg. liver cells)
 Membrane transport (eg. kidney tubule ephitelia)
 Recognition (eg photoreceptors)
 Communication (eg. neurons)
 Motility (eg. muscle cells)
 Secretion (eg. pancreatic cells)
 Inheritance : reproduction via duplication
 Some Definitions :

 Metabolism
 Metabolite
 Intermediate products
 Catabolism
 Anabolism
 Pathway/Cycle
Metabolism
 Metabolism – refers to all chemical reaction
occurring in body
 Catabolism – break down complex molecules
 Exergonic – produce more energy than they consume
 Anabolism – combine simple molecules into
complex ones
 Endergonic – consume more energy than they produce
 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
 “energy currency”
 ADP + P + energy ↔ ATP

Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Role of ATP in linking anabolic and
catabolic reactions

Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 METABOLISME

Sumber : Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews

REGULATION OF METABOLIC
PATHWAYS

- Feedback Inhibition
- Feed-forward Activation
- Covalent Modification of Enzyme
- Genetic Control (regulate level of
enzyme)
 Ingat Kembali……

Ingat Bagaimana Proses

Pencernaan Makanan Masuk ???
Ilustrasi umum proses pencernaan

Mahan & Raymond, 2017

 Lokasi proses utama
pencernaan beberapa zat gizi

Sumber :
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/166/10/1297/F
1.large.jpg
 Sekresi dan Sumber Enzim Fungsi

Saliva dari kelenjar Amilase (ptialin) Memecah amilum (pati)  membentuk

ludah dalam mulut dekstrin dan maltosa
Lipase lingual Trigliserida  digliserida dan asam lemak
bebas
Lambung Pepsin Protein  peptida dan asam amino
Lipase Trigliserida  digliserida dan asam lemak
bebas
Pankreas Amilase pankreas Memecah amilum (pati)  dekstrin dan
maltosa
Tripsin Protein  polipeptida
Karboksipeptidase Polipeptida  asam amino
Lipase Lemak  gliserol dan asam lemak
Usus halus Laktase Laktosa  glukosa dan galaktosa
Sukrase Sukrosa  glukosa dan fruktosa
Aminopeptidase Polipeptida  asam amino
Maltase Maltosa  glukosa

Mahan & Raymond, 2017

PERHATIKAN APA YANG TERJADI DI MULUT

 METABOLISME

4 Organ utama yang berperan

penting dalam metabolism
energi

Sumber : Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews

Thank You!