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Case Econ08 PPT 19
Case Econ08 PPT 19
19
Measuring National Output
and National Income
Prepared by:
© 2007 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Principles of Economics 8e by Case and Fair
Measuring National Output
19
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
Transactions
Exclusion of Output Produced
Abroad by Domestically Owned
Factors of Production
Calculating GDP
The Expenditure Approach
The Income Approach
Nominal versus Real GDP
Calculating Real GDP
Calculating the GDP Deflator
The Problems of Fixed Weights
Limitations of the GDP Concept
GDP and Social Welfare
The Underground Economy
Gross National Income Per Capita
Looking Ahead
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MEASURING NATIONAL OUTPUT
AND NATIONAL INCOME
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
country.
GDP is the total market value of a country’s output. It is the market value of all final goods
and services produced within a given period of time by factors of production located within
a country.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
and National Income
Tires taken from that pile and mounted on the wheels of the new car
before it is sold are considered intermediate goods to the auto producer.
Tires from that pile to replace tires on your old car are considered final
goods. If, in calculating GDP, we included the value of the tires (an
intermediate good) on new cars and the value of new cars (including the
tires), we would be double counting.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
In calculating GDP, we can either sum up the value added at each stage of production or
we can take the value of final sales. We do not use the value of total sales in an economy
to measure how much output has been produced.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
TRANSACTIONS
GDP ignores all transactions in which money or goods change hands but in which no new
and National Income
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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CALCULATING GDP
THE EXPENDITURE APPROACH
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
BILLIONS OF PERCENTAGE
DOLLARS OF GDP
Personal consumption expenditures (C) 8,214.3 70.0
Durable goods 987.8 8.4
Nondurable goods 2,368.3 20.2
Services 4,858.2 41.4
Gross private domestic investment (l) 1,928.1 16.4
Nonresidential 1,198.8 10.2
and National Income
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
and services.
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
nonresidential investment
Expenditures by firms for machines,
tools, plants, and so on.
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CALCULATING GDP
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CALCULATING GDP
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CALCULATING GDP
Investment (G)
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CALCULATING GDP
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CALCULATING GDP
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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CALCULATING GDP
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CALCULATING GDP
net national product (NNP) Gross
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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CALCULATING GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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NOMINAL VERSUS REAL GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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NOMINAL VERSUS REAL GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
IN IN IN IN
PRODUCTION PRICE PER UNIT YEAR 1 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 2
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 1 YEAR 2 PRICES PRICES PRICES PRICES
Q1 Q2 P1 P2 P1 x Q1 P1 x Q2 P2 x Q1 P2 X Q2
Good A 6 11 $.50 $ .40 $3.00 $5.50 $2.40 $4.40
Good B 7 4 .30 1.00 2.10 1.20 7.00 4.00
Good C 10 12 .70 .90 7.00 8.40 9.00 10.80
Total $12.10 $15.10 $18.40 $19.20
Nominal GDP Nominal GDP
in year 1 in year 2
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NOMINAL VERSUS REAL GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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NOMINAL VERSUS REAL GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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NOMINAL VERSUS REAL GDP
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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LIMITATIONS OF THE GDP CONCEPT
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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LIMITATIONS OF THE GDP CONCEPT
counted in GDP.
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LIMITATIONS OF THE GDP CONCEPT
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
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LIMITATIONS OF THE GDP CONCEPT
CHAPTER 19: Measuring National Output
TABLE 6.7 Per Capita Gross National Income for Selected Countries,
2004
COUNTRY U.S. DOLLARS COUNTRY U.S. DOLLARS
Norway 52,030 Portugal 14,350
Switzerland 48,230 South Korea 13,980
United States 41,400 Czech Republic 9,150
Denmark 40,650 Mexico 6,770
Japan 37,180 Argentina 3,720
and National Income
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REVIEW TERMS AND CONCEPTS
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