BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

BASIC TRANSFUSION SCIENCE AND BLOOD BANKING

BMC 125

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO TRANSFUSION

SCIENCE

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lecture, students should be able

to:
• Define blood transfusion & blood banking.
• State the functions of a blood bank.
• Describe the premise design, transfusion service
and basic equipment's in blood banking.

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 INTRODUCTION
• Immunohaematology (Blood Banking).
• Immunohaematology Lab – Blood Bank.
• Part of the :
(1)Pathology Department (Unit).
(2) Hospital Department.
• Jurisdiction :
(1) National Level (National Blood Centre,MOH).
(2) Regional Level (Southeast Asia / Asia).
(3) International Level (ISBT).
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 INTRODUCTION (cont)
• A process of collecting, testing, processing,
storage and issuing of blood or blood
products.

• Transfusion :
(1) Disorders / diseases (Haematological).
(2)Trauma.
(3)Surgery.
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 FUNCTIONS (In General)
• Donor’s recruitment
• Collection or procurement.
• Processing (components, labelling).
• Screening (Infectious Disease).
• Testing (Immunohaematological Tests).
• Issuing.
• Transfusion.
• Follow-up and Investigation.
• Quality Assurance and Control.
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 FUNCTIONS (Summary)
• Collect Blood (Components).
• Process.
• Test.
• Transfuse.
• Follow-up.

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FUNCTIONS (Chart)

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 FUNCTION (Management)
• Utilization of space assigned or planning of
premises of a blood transfusion centre / service.
• Requirement of staff.
• Procurement, standardization and maintenance
of equipments, reagents and other consumables.
•  Donor recruitment and motivation programmes
•  Autologous donor programme
•  Donor blood collection
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 FUNCTION (Management)
• Laboratory procedures:
(1) Serological techniques.
(2) Screening tests.
(3) Component preparation.

•   Documentation and record maintenance.

•   Implementation of quality assurance scheme.
•   
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 FUNCTION (Management)
• Inventory control, storage and transportation.
• Biosafety guidelines – safety of personnel.
• Continuing education, training and teaching for
medical, technical, nursing and other paramedical
staff.
• Research and development in Transfusion Medicine.
• Formulation of Hospital transfusion committee and
conducting medical audits.
• Guidelines for clinical use of blood and blood
components.
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 PREMISE
• Donors area:
(1)Waiting room.
(2)Donors screening room
(3)Counselling

• Collection area
(1) Wide and not congested
(2)Pleasant environment.
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 PREMISE (cont)
• Storage:
(1)Various requirements.
(2) Screened & Unscreened.

• Processing

• Laboratory:
(1)Screening Test.
(2)Immunohaematological Tests.

• Donors Refreshment area

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 TRANSFUSION SERVICE
• Compatibility Testing:
(1)Blood grouping - ABO/Rh Typing
(2) Cross-match (Direct Coombs)
(3)Antibody Screen and Identifications.

• Blood components preparation – Fresh frozen

plasma (FFP), Platelets, Plasma,
cryosupernatant

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 TRANSFUSION SERVICE (cont)
• Investigating abnormalities
(1) Hemolytic diseases of the newborn
(2) Hemolytic anemias
(3) Adverse responses to transfusion
- Transfusion Reactions
- Transfusion Transmitted Disease.

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 BASIC EQUIPMENTS
• Collection
• Processing
• Testing
• Storage

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HIERARCHY - National
• Health Minister (Ministry of Health,
Malaysia)

• Director General of Health

(Ministry of Health, Malaysia)

• National Blood Centre

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HIERARCHY - Hospital
• Director of Hospital

• Head Of Department (Pathologist /

Tranfusion Medicine)

• Science Officers
• Medical Lab Technologists
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 REFERENCES

• Denise M. Harmening PhD MLS(ASCP)

CLS(NCA),2012.Modern Blood Banking &
Transfusion Practices 6th Edition.by F.A.Davis
company united sate of America.
• Eva D.Quinley Ms MT
(ASCP)SBB.2010.immunohaematology Principles and
practice,3rd ed( Lippincott Williams and Wikins)
• Jeffrey Mc Cullough.2011.Trnasfusion Medicine 3 rd
ed,wiley Blackwell publication ,United states.
• Harvey G.Klein,David J Anstee 2013,Mollisons blood
transfusion in clinical medicine,12 th ed,Wiley-Blackwell.
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Thank you

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