PHILIPPINE

CONSTITUTION
 CONSTITUTION
•SET OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OR
STABLISHED PRECEDENTS ACCORDING TO
WHICH A STATE OR OTHER ORGANIZATION IS
GOVERNED.
 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

•THE SUPREME LAW OF THE REPUBLIC

OF THE PHILIPPINES, HAS BEEN IN
EFFECT SINCE 1987.
 1897: CONSTITUTION
OF BIAK-NA-BATO
•WAS THE PROVISIONARY CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
DURING THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION.
•WAS PROMULGATED BY THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTIONARY ON NOVEMBER
1,1897.
•IT WAS BORROWED FROM CUBA WRITTEN BY ISABELO ARTACHO AND FELIX
FERRER IN SPANISH.
 ORGANS OF THE GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION
1. THE SUMPREME COUNCIL, WHICH WAS VESTED WITH THE POWER OF REPUBLIC,
HEADED BY THE PRESIDENT AND 4 DEPARTMENT SECRETARIES: INTERIOR, FOREIGN
AFFAIRS, TREASURY, AND WAR.
2. THE CONSEJO SUPREMO DE GRACIA Y JUSTICIA (SUPREME COUNCIL OF GRACE AND
JUSTICE) WHICH WAS GIVEN THE AUTHORITY TO MAKE DECISIONS AND AFFIRM OR
DISPROVE THE SENTENCES RENDERED BY OTHER COURTS AND TO DICTATE RULES FOR
THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
3. THE ASSAMBLEA DE REPRESENTANES (ASSEMBLY OF REPRESENTATIVES) WHICH WAS
TO BE CONVENED AFTER THE REVOLUTION TO CREATE A NEW CONSTITUTION AND TO
ELECT A NEW COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENT AND REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PEOPLE.
 1897: CONSTITUTION
OF BIAK-NA-BATO

•IT WAS NOT FULLY IMPLEMENTED SINCE A

TRUCE , THE PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO WAS
SIGNED BETWEEN THE SPANISH AND THE
PHILIPPINE REVOLUTIONARY ARMY.
 PREAMBLE OF THE BIAK-NA-BATO
CONSTITUTION
THE SEPARATION OF THE PHILIPPINES FROM THE SPANISH MONARCHY AND THEIR
FORMATION INTO AN INDEPENDENT STATE WITH ITS OWN GOVERNMENT CALLED THE
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC HAS BEEN THE END SOUGHT BY THE REVOLUTION IN THE EXISTING
WAR, BEGUN ON THE 24TH OF AUGUST 1896; AND. THEREFORE, IN ITS NAME AND BY THE
POWER DELEGATED BY THE FILIPINO PEOPLE, INTERPRETING FAITHFULLY THEIR DESIRES
AND AMBITION, WE THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REVOLUTION, IN A MEETING AT BIAK-
NA-BATO, NOVEMBER 1,1897, UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE FOR THE
CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE.
 1899:MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
•DURING THE PHILIPPINE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS
ISSUED ON JUNE 12,1898, TOGETHER WITH SEVERAL DECREES
FORMED THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC.
•THE MALOLOS CONGRESS WAS ELECTED, WHICH SELECTED A
COMMISSION TO DRAW A DRAFT CONSTITUTION ON SEPTMEBER
1898, WHICH WAS COMPOSED OF WEALTHY AND EDUCATED MEN.
•THE CONSTITUTION WAS TITLED “ THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION
OF 1899” AND WAS WRITTEN IN SPANISH.
•IT HAS 39 ARTICLES DIVIDED INTO 14 TITLES ,WITH 8 ARTICLES
OF TRANSITORY PROVISIONS AND A FINAL ADDITIONAL ARTICLE.
•FELIPE CALDERON WAS THE MAIN AUTHOR OF THE CONSTITUTION
WHEREIN HE STUDIED DIFFERENT COUNTRIES WITH THE SAME
SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ETHNOLOGICAL AND GOVERNANCE
CONDITIONS WITH THE PHILIPPINES
 PREAMBLE OF THE POLITICAL
CONSTITUTION OF 1899
WE, THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE, LAWFULLY
CONVENED, IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH JUSTICE, PROVIDE FOR
COMMON DEFENSE, PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE AND INSURE
THE BENEFITS OF LIBERTY, IMPLORING THE AID OF THE SOVEREIGN
LEGISLATOR OF THE UNIVERSE FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF THESE
ENDS, HAVE VOTED, DECREED AND SANCTIONED THE FOLLOWING
POLITICAL CONSTITUTION.
• THE 27 ARTICLES OF TITLE IV DETAILED THE NATURAL RIGHTS AND
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY OF FILIPINO.
• TITLE III, ARTICLE V- DECLARE THAT THE STATE RECOGNIZES THE FREEDOM
AND EQUALITY OF ALL BELIEFS, AS WELL AS THE SEPARATION OF CHURCH
AND STATE.
• TITLES II, ARTICLE 4 - THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT IS TO BE POPULAR,
REPRESENTATIVE, ALTERNATIVE AND RESPONSIBLE AND SHALL EXERCISE
THREE DISTINCT POWERS--LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL
LEGISLATIVE POWER
• VESTED IN A UNICAMERAL BODY (ASSEMBLY OF REPRESENTATIVES)
• MEMBERS ARE ELECTED FOR A 4 YEAR TERM.
• SECRETARIES OF THE GOVERNMENT WHERE GIVEN SEATS IN THE
ASSEMBLY
• BILLS COULD BE INTRODUCED EITHER BY THE PRESIDENT OR BY A MEMBER
OF THE ASSEMBLY
EXECUTIVE POWER

• VESTED IN THE PRESIDENT

• THR PRESIDENT WILL SERVE A TERM OF 4 YEARS WITHOUT RE-ELECTION
• THERE WAS NO VICE PRESIDENT AND IN CASE OF A VACANCY, A PRESIDENT
WAS TO BE SELECTED BY THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
•THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION WAS NEVER ENFORCED DUE
TO THE ONGOING WAR. THE PHILIPPINES WAS
EFFECTIVELY A TERRITORY OF UNITED STATES UPON THE
SIGNING OF THE TREATY OF PARIS BETWEEN SPAIN AND
AMERICA TRANSFERRING SOVEREIGNTY OF THE
PHILIPPINES ON DECEMBER 10, 1898.