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EGF2042 Chapter 2 (Naming Organic Compound) ORIGINAL
EGF2042 Chapter 2 (Naming Organic Compound) ORIGINAL
Organic
g
Compound
Chapter 2
Base
Name
(Prefixes)
Number of Carbons Name
1 methane
2 ethane
3 propane
4 butane
5 pentane
6 hexane
7 heptane
8 octane
9 nonane
10 decane
Naming Organic Compound
●
Organic compounds are named according to the IUPAC
inof pure&appliedchemistry)system of
(internationaluno
nomenclature.
Alkyne Benz
Alkane s ene
C6 H
s
CnH2n-2 Alk
6
CnH2n+2
Alkene yl
Grou
s ps
CnH2 CnH2n+
n 1
IUPAC
Rules
for Naming Organic Compound
01 02
03
Identify longest Numbering the Position the
continous chain parent chain branched group
• Find and name the Number the carbons in the The position and the name
continuous carbon
longest main sequence starting of the branched must be
• chain. and name groups all
Identify the end that will give
with in front of the parent
written
substituents attached to
the theattached groups chain.
the parent’s chain name the smallest
groups. number.
IUPAC
Rules
for Naming Organic Compound
04 05
06
Use prefixes List alphabatical order Use Panctuation
If two or more identical The substituent should Use commas (,)
branched group are present, belisted separate
to
use prefixes di-(2 identical alphabetically.
In alphabetizing, the prefixes numbers
Hyphens (-)to
tri-(3 identical
substituents) di, tri, tetra, sec-, tert- are separate numbers
substituents)
tetra-(4 identical ignoredexcept iso and with words.
substituents). neo.
Let’s try
this !
Sometimes the hydrocarbon chains are not straight and sometimes
they have other elements attached to them. Here is how they are
named
Identify longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4 - methyl, 3 - methyl, 2
Use prefixes for branched more than
one
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH3
CH3 - CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH - CH3
2,4 – dimethyl hexane
Let’s try this
example !
Name and draw the
structure:
• 3-ethylhexane
• 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Homework
s Tutorials – ES04 Worksheet 1
ES04 Worksheet 2
Naming Alkanes for Closed Chain
Cycloalkanes
● General formula for a cycloalkane composed of n carbons is
CnH2n.
● Cycloalkane are still considered to be saturated with hydrogen.
● Add cyclo- as prefix followed by the name of alkane compound
Table 1
IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane
Example:
Propylcyclohexane
IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane
1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane
IUPAC Rules for Naming Cycloalkane
01 02 03
Longest chain Number of carbons Ending –ene/yne
Must contain the Number of carbons so Change the
multiple that the double/triple –ene
endingif double
(doublbond
e bond/triple bondthe lowest
has –yne if triple
bond
bond) numbethe
Indicate r position the same
bond rules for the
of the double sidechains and
bond. halides.
Let’s try
this !
Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
The ending of the alkenes with more than one double/triple bond
2-
fluoropropane
Functional Groups - Halide
Drop the “ine” and add
“o”
F Cl Br I
H2O
Functional Groups –
Ether
Diethyl
Ether
Functional Groups –
Ether
Dimethyl
Ether
Functional Groups –
Ether
Name these condensed formula
ether
CH3-O- CH2 CH3
Methyl ethyl ether
CH3CH2-O-
CH2CH2
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES20
(Ether)
Functional Groups –
Ester
They are formed in a reaction between an organic acid andan
alcohol.
Ethyl
Propanoate
Functional Groups –
Ester
Draw Ethyl
Pentanoate
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES23
(Ester)
Functional Groups –
Amine
It is a derivate of ammonia – NH3
IUPAC naming of amines is simply replacing the final alkane “e” with “yl
amine” Example : Methane – Methyl Amine
Methyl
Amine
Functional Groups –
Amide
Has a R –C–NH– gro
R up
Functional Groups –
Amide
Found at the end of carbon chain
IUPAC naming of amines is simply replacing the final alkane “e” with
“amide” Example : Methane – Methanamide (Formamide)
Methanamid
e
Functional Groups –
Amide
Draw structural formula for Butanamide &
Propanamide
Butanamid Propana
e mide
Homework
s
Tutorials – ES24 (Amine &
Amide) ES25 (Others
OC)
Functional Groups –
Aromatic
Hydr ocar bo
nenzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon
B
containing six carbon atoms and six H H
hydrogen atoms.
Containing alternate single and
bonds
double C
. H C C H
This molecule has the IUPAC C
cyclohexa-1,3,5-
name C C
Molecular formula:
triene.
H H
C6H6
Benzene, C6H6
Functional Groups –
Aromatic
Hydrocarbon
A benzene ring can be represented in several
ways:
Kekule
structure