Lesson 10

The Contemporary World:

Global Migration
 What Is Migration?
• There are two types og migration:

• Internal Migration- refers to people moving from one area to another

within one country
• International Migration- in which people cross boarders of one country to
another
 5 Groups of Immgrants
• Permanently moves to another country (known as immigrants)
• Workers in another country for a fixed period of time: 6 months to a year,
(overseas workers)
• Illigal immigrants
• Petitioned to move to the destination country
• Refuges (asylum-seekers)
• Demographers estimate that 247 million people are currently living
outside the countries of their birth. 90% of them move for ECONOMIC
REASONS while the remaining 10% were REFUGES and ASYLUM-
SEEKERS

TOP 3 REGIONS OF ORIGIN

1)latin America
2)Eastern Europe and Central Asia
3)Middle East and North Africa
• 50% of global migrants have moved from the developing countries to the
developed zones of the world and contribute anywhere from 40-80% of their
labor force.
• Their growth has outstripped the population growth in the developed countries,
such that today, according to the think-tank Mckinsey global institute,
“first-generation immigrants constitute 13% of the population in Western Europe,
15% in North America, and 48% in the GCC countries”
The majority of migrants remain in the cities
 Table 1. Migrant contribution to destination country, in dollars and as percentage of national GDP,2015

COUNTRY CONTRIBUTION PERCENTAGE OF GDP

United states $2 trillion 11%
Germany $550 billion 17%
United kingdom $390 billion 14%
Austrilia $330 billion 25%
Canada $320 billion 21%

The MIGRANT INFLUX has led to a destination countries over the issue of wether migrants are
assets or liabilities to national development.
 2011 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL SURVEY
ON THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION

Concluded that the “likelihood and magnitude of adverse labor market than often
perceived”

-the fiscal impact of immigration on social welfare was noted to be “very small”
-Furtheremore, the 2013 report on government welfare spending by
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMICS CO-OPERATION AND
DEVELOPMENT (OECD) clearly shows that native-born citizens still receive
higher support compaired to immigrant.
BENEFITS AND DETRIMENTS
FOR THE SENDING COUNTRIE

BRAIN DRAIN
-Siphoning……qualified personel….”
 THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
• The United States Federal Brue of Investigation lists HUMAN TRAFFICKING as
the “World’s third largest criminal activity”
• In 20 12, the International Labor Organization (ILO) identified 21 million men,
women, and children as victims of “FORCED LABOR”, an appalling 3out of
every 1000 persons worldwide.
• 90% of the victims are exploited by private enterprises and entrepreneurs
• HUMAN TRAFFICKING has been very profitable, earning syndicates, smugglers,
and corrupt state officials profit of as high as $150 billion a year in 2014
 INTEGRATION

• This issue relates to how migrants interacts with their new home
countries.
China, India, and Western Europe – migrants from here have more success
migration.
Middle East, N. Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa- migrants from here face
greater challeges in securing jobs.
United States & Singapore: white collar & blue collar filipino workers

Switching citizenship may just be a formality. Different factors may create

cleavages between migrants and citizen of receiving countries:
-Lingustic differences
-differing religions
-customs from “old country”
 “local network of fellow citizens” – serve as the migrant’s
safety net from the dislocation of uprooting oneself from
migrant’s anxiety

Chinese consolidated benevolent association (California)

Advantage: provides initial support for new Chinese migrants
Drawback: instead of facilitating integration, they exacerbate diffences and
discrimination
Government and private businesses have already made policy changes to
address integration problems:
-Using multiple languages in state documents
-Training programs with counselling (Germany)

-Wheter these initiatives will succed or not remains an open question.

 CONCLUSION

• Global migration entails the migration of people. And like the broader
globalization process, it’s is uneven.
• Migration prodeces different and often contradictory responses.
• Different forms of global interdependence will ensure global migration
will continue to be one of the major issues in the contemporary world.