Developmental Stages in

Middle and Late

Adolescence
“ADOLESCENCE”
Adolescence is the transition period
between childhood and early
adulthood (age ranges between 11 or
12 to 18 years old.)
The period of life when a child
develops into adult.
Adolescence is one of the most rapid
phase of human development.
 Adolescence is a period of life with
specific health and developmental
needs and rights.
 Itis a time to develop knowledge
and skills, learn to manage
emotions and relationships and
acquire attributes and abilities that
will be important for enjoying the
adolescent years assuming adult
roles.
Is ADOLESCENCE
different from
PUBERTY?
PUBERTY vs. ADOLESCENCE
PUBERTY
 Puberty is the process of physical changes by
which adolescents reach sexual maturity.
 Ex. Girls having the capacity of reproduction.
 Puberty refers to the bodily changes.
ADOLESCENCE
 Adolescence is the period of psychological and
social transition between childhood and
adulthood.
 Adolescence is period of mental and emotional
changes which boys and girls experience while
going sexual maturity.
Erik Erikson’s 8
stages of
Personality
Development
TRUST vs. MISTRUST

This stage begins at birth

(infancy) to 18 months.
The infant develops a sense of
trust when interactions provide
reliability, care and affection.
A lack of reliability, care and
affection will lead to mistrust.
AUTONOMY vs. SHAME AND
DOUBT
 This stage occurs between the ages of 18
months to approximately 2 to 3 years.
 The infant develops a sense of personal control
over physical skills and sense of independence.
 Erickson states it is critical that parents allow
their children to explore the limits of their
abilitis within an encouraging environment
which is tolerant of failure.
 Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure
results in shame and doubt.
INITIATIVE vs. GUILT

 Thisstage occurs during the preschool

years, between the ages of 3 and 5.
 The child begins to assert control and
power over their environment by planning
activities, accomplishing tasks and facing
challenges. Success at this stage leads to
sense of purpose.
 Ifinitiative is dismissed or discourages
either through criticism or control, a child
develop a sense of guilt.
INDUSTRY vs. INFERIORITY

 This stage occurs during childhood between

the ages of 6 to 11.
 Itis at the stage that the child’s peer
group will gain significance and become a
major source of the child’s self-esteem.
The child id coping with new learning and
social demands.
 Success leads to a sense of competence,
while failure results in feeling of
inferiority.
IDENTITY vs. ROLE
CONFUSION
 Thisstage occurs during adolescence,
from about 12-18 years.
 Teenagers explore who they are as
individuals and seek to establish a sense of
self, and may experiment with different
roles, activities and behaviors.
 According to Erickson, this is important to
the process of forming a strong identity
and developing a sense of direction in life.
INTIMACY vs. ISOLATION

 Thisstage takes place during young

adulthood between the ages of
approximately 19-40 years.
 During this period, the major conflict
centers on forming intimate, loving
relationships with other people.
 Success leads to strong relationship,
while failure results in loneliness and
isolation.
GENERATIVITY vs.
STAGNATION
 Thisstage takes place during middle and
adulthood between the ages of
approximately 40-65 years.
 People experience a need to create or
nurture things that will outlast them, often
having mentees or creating positive
changes that will benefit other people.
 Success leads to feeling of usefulness and
accomplishment while failure results in
shallow involvement in the world.
EGO INTEGRITY vs. DESPAIR

 Thisstage takes place after age 65

and involves reflecting on one’s life
and either moving into feeling
satisfied or happy with one’s life or
feeling a deep sense of regret.
 Successat this stage leads to feeling
of wisdom, while failure results in
regret, bitterness and despair.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Developmental Stages

 Human development focuses on human

growth and changes across the
lifespan, including physical, cognitive,
social, intellectual, perceptual,
personality and emotional growth. It is
also essential to understanding how
humans learn, mature and adapt
throughout their lives, humans go
through various stages of development.
 Developmental Stages

1. PRE-NATAL (Conception to birth)

Age when hereditary endowments
and sex are fixed and all body
features , both external and internal
are developed.
Developmental Stages

2. INFANCY (Birth to 2 years)

Foundation age when basic
behavior are organized and
many ontogenetic maturation
skills are developed.
Developmental Stages

3. EARLY CHILDHOOD (2 to 6 years)

Pre-gang age, exploratory and
questioning. Language and
Elementary reasoning are acquired
and initial socialization is
experienced.
Developmental Stages

4. LATE CHILDHOOD (6 to 12
years)
Gang and creativity age when
self-help skills, social skills, school
skills and play are developed.
Developmental Stages

5. ADOLESCENCE (puberty to 18
years)
Transition age from childhood to
adulthood when sex maturation and
rapid physical development occur
resulting to changes in ways of
feeling, thinking and acting.
Developmental Stages

6. EARLY ADULTHOOD (18 to 40

years)
Age of adjustment to new
patterns of life and roles such
as spouse, parent and bread
winner.
Developmental Stages

7. MIDDLE AGE (40 years to

retirement)
Transition age when
adjustment to initial physical
and mental decline are
experienced.
Developmental Stages

8. OLD AGE (retirement to death)

Retirement age when
increasingly rapid physical and
mental decline are experienced.
Developmental Tasks
Infancy and Early Childhood
(0-5)
 Learning to walk
 Learning to take solid foods
 Learning to talk
 Learning to control the elimination of body
wastes
 Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
 Acquiring concepts and language to describe
social and physical reality
 Readiness for reading
 Learning to distinguish right from wrong and
developing conscience.
Middle Childhood (6-12)
 Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
 Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself
 Learning to get along with age-mates
 Learning an appropriate sex role
 Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing and
calculating
 Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
 Developing conscience, morality and a scale of values.
 Achieving personal independence.
 Developing acceptable attitudes towards society.
 Adolescence (13-18)
 Achieving mature relations with both sexes
 Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
 Accepting one’s physique
 Achieving emotional independence of adults
 Preparing for marriage and family life
 Preparing for an economic career
 Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide
behavior
 Desiring and achieving socially responsibility behavior
Early Adulthood (19-30)

 Selecting a mate
 Learning to live with a partner
 Starting a family
 Rearing Children
 Managing a home
 Starting an occupation
 Assuming civic responsibility
 Middle Adulthood (30-60)

 Helping teenage children to become happy and

responsible adults
 Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
 Satisfactory career achievement
 Developing adult leisure time activities
 Relating to one’s spouse as a person
 Accepting the physiological changes of middle age
 Adjusting to aging parent.
 Later Maturity (61 and above)

Adjusting to decreasing strength and health

Adjusting to retirement and reduced
income
Adjusting to death of spouse
Establishing relations with one’s own age
group
Meeting social and civic obligations
Establishing satisfactory living quarters.
 “Maturity is achieved when a
person postpones immediate
pleasures for long term values”
-Joshua L. Liebman