Verb

Ozzy Elvester
What is a verb?

jump
 Verbs
A verb is one of the most
important parts of the sentence.
It tells the subjects actions, events,
or state of being.
It is always found in the predicate
of a sentence.
 A verb is a word used to express an
action, a condition, or a state of being.

•The director squished his nose.

•His noise is big.
•The director is squishing his nose.
Types of Verbs
Verbs

Action Linking Helping

Action Verbs
A verb that shows action is called an action verb.
The action verb tells what its subject does.
The action can either by physical or mental.
Physical Action: The farmer feeds the chickens.

Mental Action: He likes the red rooster best.

Linking Verbs
A linking verb links its subject
to a word in the predicate.

Linking verbs express a

condition or a state of being.

The cow is blue.

Linking Verbs
 There are nine common linking verbs:

am be is seem was
are being were
become
To remember these linking verbs, use this
saying:
All boys in school work.
am be is seem was
are being were
become
Helping Verbs
 A helping verb helps a main verb express action or precise
shades of meaning.
 The combination of one or more helping verbs is called a
verb phrase.

Elmer was
using the
computer.
 23 Helping Verbs
may be do shoul have will
might being does d had can
must been did could has shall
am would
are
is
was
were

(main) (main) (main)

 Helping Verbs

Other things to keep in mind:

•Not every sentence will have a
helping verb with the main verb.
•When you see an "ing" verb such
as "running", be on the lookout for
a helping verb also.
 Helping Verbs
•Sometimes there is another word which
separates the helping verb from the main
verb. One common example is "not.”

The boy could not find his socks.

The helping verb is could and the main verb is find.
 Helping Verbs
•A sentence may contain up to three
helping verbs to the main verb.
•An example would be:

The dog must have been chasing the cat.

The helping verbs are: must, have, and been; the

main verb is chasing.
 Types of verbs
according to form
As to form verbs only have four forms. We can say that the verb has
three inflectional suffixes (-d, -s, -ing).

Vbase or V, which is the base form of the verb, the dictionary form
which is used to indicate:

•The imperative
Live now, pay later.
•The simple present tense of the indicative (except the 3rd person
singular)
They live in London.
•The infinitive because it is accompanying a modal verb
They must live happily now.

Vs form, which is used to represent the third person singular.

He lives in a small apartment.
Ved form which indicates:
•The regular or irregular simple past tense of all the
verbs
He lived here last year.
•The regular or irregular past participle of all verbs
He has lived here for a while.

Ving form which represents:

•The present participle
He is living here with us.
•The gerund
Living here is good for the health.
Another classification of verb according to form is the division of:

Single word verbs

Call, sleep, eat, dream

Phrasal verbs
Call on, eat up, make up

The phrasal verbs are classified by most grammarians as separable

and non separable. Another subclassification of the phrasal verbs is
that of the prepositional verbs, which are those composed of the
verb and a preposition.

Prepositional verbs: Sleep in, look at

Regular and irregular verbs

The regular verbs are those that form their past participle (Ved)
by adding the morpheme d.

Jump – jumped
Look - looked
Have – had

The irregular verbs are those that do not form their past or past
participle with the d morpheme.

Sing- sang
Be –was/were
Write - wrote
 Dynamic and stative verbs

Dynamic verbs are those that readily accept, because of their meaning, the
use of Ving.
•These verbs denote an actual action or expression or process done by
the subject. They mean an action which can be seen or physically felt.

Be, drink, smoke, jump

Stative verbs are those that cannot be normally used in the continuous
form. They are called non-continuous verbs.
•These verbs refer to the state of the subject or the situation of the
subject. They tell us about the state of mind of the subject, or the
relation between the subject and the object.

Love, look like, remember, seem

 Dynamic and stative verbs (cont.)

Mixed verbs. These verbs have more than one meaning. Some
meanings behave like non-continuous verbs (stative verbs), while
other meanings behave like continuous verbs (dynamic verbs).

To have, to appear, to see, to feel, to look…

Examples:

I have a dollar now. (I possess a dollar.) non-continuous verb

I am having fun now. (I am experiencing fun now.)  continuous
verb
 Subject – Verb Agreement

The subject and verb in a clause should always agree in

number.
Joey walks. (singular subject/singular verb)
Joey and Maggie walk. (plural subject/plural verb)
She runs. (singular subject/singular verb)
They run. (plural subject/plural verb)
Use of for and since
We often use for and since when talking about time.

for + period: a "period" is a duration of time - five

minutes, two weeks, six years. For means "from the
beginning of the period to the end of the period".

since + point: a "point" is a precise moment in time - 9

o'clock, 1st January, Monday. Since means "from a
point in the past until now".
Since and for
For can be used with all tenses. Here are a few
examples:
They study for two hours every day.
They are studying for three hours today.
He has lived in Bangkok for a long time.
He has been living in Paris for three months.
I worked at that bank for five years.
Will the universe continue for ever?
We do not use for with "all day", "all the time":

I was there all day. (not for all day)

Since
since
Since is normally used with perfect tenses:

He has been here since 9am.

He has been working since he arrived.
I had lived in New York since my childhood.
We also use since in the structure "It is [period] since":

It was a year since I had seen her.

How long is it since you got married?