21 CENTURY ST

LITERATURE OF THE
PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD
By Ren Paul A. Vinluan
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Prehistoric/Pre-Spanish Period
 Principally Oral
 Most were concise poetic forms such
as:
o Riddles (Bugtong)
o Proverbs (Salawikain)
o Sayings or Maxims (Kasabihan)
o Folk Songs (Kantahing Bayan)
o Oyayi (Lullaby)
o Soliranin (Boat Song)
o Kumintang (War Song)
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o Diona (Wedding Song)
o Dalit (Religious Song)
o Kundiman (Love Song)
o Dapayanin (Drinking Songs)
o Hibais (Travel Song)
o Bung-aw (Funeral Song)
o Bansal (Courting Song
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 Epic – long poetic composition, usually centered upon a hero

o Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocos)
o Hudhud (Ifugaos)
o Kumintang (Tagalogs)
o Ibalon (Bicolanos)
o Maragtas & Hinilawod (Visayans)
o Hari sa Bukid (Hiligaynons)
o Dagoy & Sudsud (Tagbanuas)
o Bantugan (Muslims)
o Indarapatra and Sulayman (Maguindanaos)
o Tatuaang (Bagobos)
o Ulagingen & Saleb (Manobos)
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 Prose – written and spoken language in its ordinary

form
o Legends (Alamat)
o Myths (Mito)
o Folk Tales (Kwentong-bayan)
o Fables (Pabula)
o Parables (Parabola)
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Spanish Period

 Friars mission is to spread Christianity

 Catholic Book of Prayers
 Doctrina Christiana
 Pasyon/Pabasa
 Spanish Language
 No definite Freedom of Expression
 Francisco Baltazar
 Balagtasan – Tagalog
 Crisotan – Kapampangan (Crisostomo Sotto – Father of Pampanga Literature)
 Bukanegan – Ilokano ( Pedro Bukaneg – Father of Iloco Literature)
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Propagandists led by Dr. Jose Rizal

 Noli Me Tangere
 El Filibusterismo
 Revolutionists led by Gat Andres Bonifacio
 La Solidaridad (wrote in Spanish)
 Use of Pseudonyms
 Marcelo Del Pilar
 Dasalan at Tocsohan
 Graciano Lopez-Jaena
 Fray Botod
 Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Apolinario Mabini, Mariano Ponce, and
other
 Wrote in Tagalog
Patriotic Themes
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American Regime

 Public School System

 English Language
 Established:
 Philippine Normal University (1901)
 University of the Philippines (1908)
 Writers use: Tagalog, Spanish, and English
 Freedom of Expression and Freedom of the Press is present
 Writers’ Guild and Organizations are created
 PEN (Poets, Essayists, Novelists)
 Literary Awards were organized
 Works are considered “world class”
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Japanese Period

 Niponggo/Nihongo
 Ikebana (Art of arranging flowers)
 Origami (Art of Folding Papers)
 Tempura and Sushi (Cusine)
 Haiku (5-7-5 - Unrhymed)
 Senryu (5-7-5 - Rhymed)
 Tanka (5-7-5-7-7)
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The Rebirth of
Freedom
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Period Of Activism

 Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the Press were all

suppressed
 Only government publications continued
 “Malaya” example of underground publications that are anti-government
or anti-Marcos
 All those whose works were found rebellious were silenced
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