Peace & Security Activities

COL. FAP. H. LAGUNA T.

Slide 1
MAR -2021
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 Presentation

Col.(r) Henry J. LAGUNA Torres

Peruvian Air Force
Telf 996464832
henjorlato@hotmail.com

- UNOCI (Cote d’Ivoire) 2009

- Worked in DOPAZ - CCFFAA 2010-2011
- CECOPAZ Instructor 2010-2021
Presentation

Name
Col. Henry J. LAGUNA T.
Peruvian Air Force

Your name…
Previous UN expirience…?
CPTM - INTRODUCTION
 CPTM - MODULE 1

Module 1: An Overview of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations

Lesson 1.1: United Nations Peacekeeping Lesson 1.5: Security Council Mandates in Practice

Lesson 1.2: Peace and Security Activities Lesson 1.6: How Peacekeeping Operations Work

Lesson 1.3: Principles of United Nations Peacekeeping Lesson 1.7: Working As One in the Mission

Lesson 1.4: Legal Framework for United Nations Peacekeeping Lesson 1.8: Mission Partners
Module 1: An Overview of United Nations missions Peacekeeping
Operations

Lesson
1.2
Peace and Security Activities
 AIM

▪ To show the range of peace and security

activities undertaken by the UN.

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
UN Coreprimera
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, Pre-Deployment
edición, 2009 Training Materials 2017
 RELEVANCE

Personnel work in a wider frame – peacekeeping

is:
• Unique and important role
• One of many UN peace and security
activities
• Connected to other UN security,
development, humanitarian and human
rights work.

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
UN Coreprimera
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, Pre-Deployment
edición, 2009 Training Materials 2017
 Learning Outcomes

Learners will:

• Describe five peace and security activities

• Explain differences between “robust
peacekeeping” and “peace enforcement”
• Explain differences between traditional
and multidimensional peacekeeping
• Identify Security Council as authorizing
body
Material básico de capacitación previa al despliegue de operaciones
de las Naciones Unidas (2009-2010) ‹#›
 Lesson Overview

1. Spectrum of Peace & Security

Activities
2. Linkages & Overlaps in Peace &
Security Activities
3. Different Types of PKO
4. Special Political Missions

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 1. Spectrum of Peace &
Security Activities

Pre-conflict

Post-conflict PEACEBUILDING

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Conflict Prevention

• The use of diplomatic measures or other tools to

prevent inter/intra state tensions from turning into
violent conflict
• May include the use of SG´s “good offices”, preventive
deploymet or confidence-building measures

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Peacemaking
• Measures to deal with existing conflicts
• Usually involves diplomatic action to bring
hostile parties to a negotiated agreement

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Peace Enforcement
• Coercive measures, including military force, used
to restore international peace & security
(sanctions)
• Only with the authorization of the Security Council

• Authorized without consent of conflict parties

• SC may authorize use of

force as a last resort.

• ‘robust peacekeeping’ and

‘peace enforcement’
Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Peace Enforcement vs. Robust
Peacekeeping

Peace Robust
Enforcement Peacekeeping
▪ International ▪ Field level
level

▪ Without consent ▪ With consent

▪ Force: sanctions, ▪ Force: armed

blockades or force
armed force

UN Core Pre-Deployment Training Materials 2017 6

 Peacekeeping
• Designed to preserve the peace, where
conflict has ended, and to assist in
implementing the peace agreement
• Authorized with consent of conflict parties

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Peace-building
• Long-term process of creating conditions
for lasting peace by:
―working on root causes of the conflict
―supporting security sector reform
―assisting in
rebuilding of
justice systems
―supporting national
human rights inst.
institutions
Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 2. Linkage & Overlaps in Peace
and Security Activities

Pre-conflict

Post-conflict PEACEBUILDING

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 3. Different Types of UN PKO

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Different types of UN PKO

• Traditional peacekeeping

• Multidimensional peacekeeping

• Transitional authority

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Traditional vs Multidimensional

Traditional Multidimensional
Peacekeeping Peacekeeping

▪ Military tasks ▪ Diverse tasks

▪ Military ▪ Military, civilian,

personnel police personnel

▪ No direct role in ▪ Direct role in

political efforts political efforts
“Traditional” and “multidimensional” peacekeeping operations have different mandated tasks, variety
of personnel, and roles in political efforts for lasting peace.
UN Core Pre-Deployment Training Materials 2017 11
 Unit 1 Part 1 Introduction to United Nations Peacekeeping

Today's multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only

to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process,
protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and
promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law.
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
 MINUSMA MISSION FACT SHEET

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Transitional Authority

• A UN multi-dimensional PKO that temporarily

assumes the legislative & administrative
functions of the State:

―until sovereignty questions are resolved, or,

―to establish administrative structures that

may not have existed previously.

• A rarely used measure

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
4. Special Political Missions

UN Core Pre-Deployment Training Materials 2017 13

 Special Political Missions (SPM)

• UN may deploy SPM led by DPA.

• SPMs are not PKOs
• Active in conflict prev, peacemaking,
peacebuilding and peace enforcement
• Since SPMS are active, they may be
deployed before, at the same time as, or
after peacekeeping operations.

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Special Political Missions (SPM)
• SPM field missions differ a lot in variety,
mandate and duration.
• These types of SPMs exist:
- Political field missions
- Special envoys
- Expert panels to monitor Security
Council sanctions
• Few or no uniformed personnel are in
SPM field missions.
Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Special Political Missions (SPM)
Past and current SPMs
Field Missions

Special Envoys

Expert Pannels

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009
 Summary of Key Messages

• 5 peace and security activities – before,

during, after conflict
• “Robust peacekeeping” vs. “peace
enforcement” – differences in levels,
consent, use of force

• Traditional vs. Multidimensional PKping –

different tasks, personnel, roles in political
efforts

• The Security Council is the authorizing body

UN Core Pre-Deployment Training Materials 2017
 Questions?

UN Core Pre-Deployment Training Materials 2017

Thank you…
• Learning Activity
• Learning Evaluation

Normas de capacitación pre-despliegue de operaciones para el mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas
Material básico de capacitación pre-despliegue, primera edición, 2009