CENTRO DE ENTRENAMIENTO Y CAPACITACIÓN PARA

OPERACIONES DE PAZ

“UNITED NATIONS
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS"

Rear Admiral (r) Mario SANCHEZ Debernardi

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CENTRO DE ENTRENAMIENTO Y CAPACITACIÓN PARA OPERACIONES DE PAZ

UNITED NATIONS
 UNITED NATIONS

• The United Nations is an

international organization
founded in 1945.
• It is currently made up of 193
Member States
• Purposes and principles
contained in its founding
Charter.
 UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM

Main Organs

GENERAL SECRETARIAT
ASSEMBLY

ECONOMIC
SECURITY
AND SOCIAL
COUNCIL
COUNCIL

AGENCIES
TRUSTEESHIP INTERNATIONAL
PROGRAMS COURT
COUNCIL
FUNDS OFJUSTICE
 SECURITY
COUNCIL

GENERAL
ASSEMBLY

PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS SECRETARIAT
 UN ORGANS
Secretary General:

•The Secretary-General is a symbol of

the organization's ideals and a
spokesman for the interests of the world's
peoples.
• The current secretary-general of the UN
is Mr. António Guterres of Portugal.
•The un charter describes the Secretary-
General as "chief administrative officer" Antonio Guterres
Secretary General of the United Nations
of the organization.
A PERUVIAN AS SECRETARY GENERAL

• Javier Pérez de Cuellar

• Secretary General of the

United Nations.

• Period 1983 – 1991

• 5th SG from a total of 9

 UN ORGANS

GENERAL ASSEMBLY:

Occupies a central position as

the chief deliberative,
policymaking and
representative organ of the
United Nations.

(Meets from September to December) 193 Member States

 UN ORGANS

SECURITY COUNCIL:
• Takes the lead in determining the
existence of a threat to the peace.
• It calls upon the parties to a dispute to
settle it by peaceful means.
• Under chapter VII of the Charter, the
Security Council can take enforcement
measures.
• Also establishes UN Peacekeeping
Operations and Special Polityical
Missions. Security Council
 PERÚ NON PERMANENT MEMBER SECURITY COUNCIL

Perú, non Permamnet Member of the Security Council from

January 2018 to December 2019 (before: 2006-2007).
PEACE OPERATIONS OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
 UNITED NATIONS TOOLS

• Preventive Diplomacy
• Peace Making Conflicto ------------------------------------
DP
• Peace Enforcement Alto al
Fuego ------------------------------------
• Peacekeeping IP EP

• Peacebuilding MP

CP

Proceso
Político
These activities often overlap and should reinforce one another, to be effective
 PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

• One of the most effective tools available to the UN.

• Has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden
sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and
police from around the globe.
• Integrated with civilian peacekeepers to advance
multidimensional mandates.
• UN peacekeepers provide security and the political and
peacebuilding support to help countries make the difficult
early transition from conflict to peace.
• Consent of the parties is a must.
DIVERSITY OF TASKS
MULTIDIMENTIONAL
ROBUST
 CURRENT OPERATIONS

Kosovo UNMIK
Central Africa Republic MINUSCA
Mali MINUSMA
Cyprus UNFICYP

Lebanon UNIFIL

Western Sahara MINURSO India-Pakistan

UNMOGIP

Syria UNDOF

Dem Rep of the Congo MONUSCO

Middle East UNTSO

Darfur UNAMID
Abyei UNISFA
South Sudan UNMISS
PKO IN NUMBERS
WOMEN IN PKO
 FORCE COMMANDER

Mayor General Kristen Lund

(Noruega)
Force Commander UNFICYP
(2014-2016)

Present: Chief of Missión UNTSO

(2017)

Major General Cheryl Pearce

(Australia)
Force Commander UNFICYP
(2018-2020)
TARGETS FOR UNIFORMED WOMEN IN PKO 2018-2028
 DESPLIEGUE
MILOBS ACTUAL
AND STAFF OFFICERS - PERÚ

1
7

1 2 1
DESPLIEGUE vs ESTRATEGIA
MILITARY OBSERVERS AND STAFF UN
UN STRATEGY

8 11 12

4 5 6

Fuente: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/gender 24
Comparación en base a la Estrategia ONU
DESPLIEGUE vsCONTINGENTS
MILITARY ESTRATEGIA UN
UN STRATEGY

26
20
13
8 11

Fuente: https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/gender 25
Comparación en base a la Estrategia ONU
DESPLIEGUE vs ESTRATEGIA UN
REGIONAL BALANCE

78 (1,117)

36 (238)

27 (251)

7 (27)

6 (243)

4 (9)

2 (27)

1 (25)

26
WOMEN IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

PERÚ
•Participation since 2003

•Contingent Haití (MINUSTAH)

•Cia Ingeniería.MINUSCA (26)

•Officers: 6 de 31 MILOBS/EM.
•PERSUBA:
• 01 Líbano (Aux EM)
• 02 MILOBS (MINUSCA)
• 01 MILOB (UNISFA)
COOPERATION IN UNITED NATIONS
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
• International Cooperation
• More than120 countries contribute with troops (TCC)
• Troops under UN flag and Mandate
• Joint - Combine Operations
• International Association of Peacekeeping Training
Centres.

• Hemispheric Cooperation
• Conference of Defense Ministers of The Americas
• South Command (Southcom)
• ALCOPAZ
• Regional Cooperation
• South American Defense Council (CDS) *
• Southern Cross (Cruz del Sur)

• Bilateral Cooperation
• With countries of the Region: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
• Others: Colombia, México, Francia
• Cooperation with GPOI (Global Peace Operations
Initiative)
UNITED NATIONS
ACTIONS TAKEN
UNITED NATIONS HQ
 IMPACT IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS

Reactivated from
Cancelled/postponed
July 1
military and police
personnel relays
DPO CONCERNS
RESOURCE LIMITATIONS
IMPACT ON CIVIL PROTECTION
PERU AND PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
 BACKGROUND

Perú and Peacekeeping Operations since 1958:

• Jun 1958 – Dic 1958: UN Military Observers in Lebanon

• Nov 1973 – Ago 1974: UN Emergency Force, Golan/Sinaí conflict

• Ago 1988 – Set 1989: UN Military Observers, Irán – Irak

• Abr 1989 – Mar 1990: United Nations Transition Assistant Group - Namibia

• Jul 1991 – Set 1992: UN Mission Western Sahara

• Jul 2000 – Jul 2001: UN Mission Timor

• Entre 2001 y 2002: Military Observers Congo, Sierra Leona y Eritrea-

Etiopia
 Peru and Peacekeeping Operations
2003

State Policy, National

Agreement, Law of the
Ministry of Defense,
Organization Regulations
and Functions of the Joint
Armed Forces Command,
Institutional Goals of the
Armed Forces, establish
Peru's readiness to
participate in Peacekeeping
Operations.
40
 MOU Between United Nations and Perú

11 de November 2003 MOU

STAFF, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL OFFERED
BY PERU (LEVEL 3)
 Achievements 2003 - 2021

SOPAZ

CECOPAZ

INCREASED PARTICIPATION PKO

SECURITY COUNCIL MEMBER

CURRENT PARTICIPATION

1 Staff
205 Ctgte. 1 Staff
6 Milobs
9 Staff

TOTAL: 238 DEPLOYED

205 Ctgte.
18 Milobs
15 Staff

UNMHA
Yemen

1 Milobs

6 Milobs 2 Staff
2 Staff 3 Milobs 2 Milobs
 PERU'S PARTICIPATION IN MISSIONS
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
REP
CONGO CHIPRE LIBANO YEMEN
CENTRO LIBANO
2000………
AFRICANA 2003-2010 * 2019 1958 2019
2014………
SAHARA IRAN - IRAQ
OCCIDENTAL 1988
1991
SINAI - ALTURAS
HAITI DEL GOLAN
2004-2017 1973/1974
(Btn PERU)
LIBERIA
2004-2018 ETIOPIA-ERITREA
2000-2006

SIERRA LEONA TIMOR ORIENTAL

2000 2000-2001

COSTA DE MARFIL BURUNDI

2004-2014 NAMIBIA 2004-2006
1989-1990
SUDAN *
2005………
 TODAY:

Participation with Staff Officers and

Military Observers. **

Preparing for an Infantry Cia for an

upcoming Mission.

Engineering Company in the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated

Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA).
 TODAY (TILL Dic del 2019):
Peru Non-Permanent Member of the
Perú chairs de International
Security Council of
Association of Peacekeeping
United Nations
Training Centres

Peru assumes Presidency Pro Témpore of Latin American Association of

Training Center for Peace Operations - ALCOPAZ
 THE PARTICIPATION OF PERÚ IN PKO ALLOWS :

✔ THE IMAGE AND PRESTIGE OF THE PROFILE

BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.

✔ OPPORTUNITY TO BE A NON-PERMANENT
MEMBER OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL.

✔ GAINING EXPERIENCE IN REAL SITUATIONS.

✔ ELEVATE THE PROFESSIONALISM OF

PARTICIPATING STAFF (EXPERIENCE,
TRAINING).

✔ MATERIAL RENOVATION .

✔ EXECUTE ACTIONS WITH OTHER ARMED

FORCES (COMBINED OP.).

✔ ACCESS UN PROGRAMS AND TRAINING FROM

UN AND COUNTERPART COUNTRIES.
 CENTRO DE ENTRENAMIENTO Y CAPACITACIÓN PARA
OPERACIONES DE PAZ

“UNITED NATIONS
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS"

Contralmirante (r) Mario SANCHEZ Debernardi

"THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE
SEARCH FOR A SOLUTION TO
THE CYPRUS PROBLEM"
 BACKGROUND
• Geographic Location
• History
• Ancient
• Independence
1964 conflict and UN
intervention
• Conflict 1974
Search for Peace,
Annan Plan
 UNITED NATIONS
FORCE IN CYPRUS
(UNFICYP)
 UNFICYP

UNFICYP was established by Security Council

resolution 186 (1964) of 4 March 1964, with the
mandate to avoid the resumption of fighting
between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot
communities and to contribute to maintaining
and restoring public order and returning to a
situation of normality
 UNFICYP
UNFICYP MANDATE
1989 AIDE MEMOIRE

SRSG
CoM

CIVIL MILITARY UNPOL

AFFAIRS

LOGISTIC SUPPORT(ADMIN/LOG)
 UNFICYP

MILITARY COMPONENT
HQ

MFR

FMPU
Sector 4
MOLOS

Sector 1 Sector 2
UN
FLIGHT

ENG
UNIT
 UNFICYP
MILITARY COMPONENT TASKS

• Dominate
• Patrols
• Facility security
• Observe
• Sensitive areas
Violations
• Negotiate
• Opposing Forces
• Civilians
• Support
• Special and Support Units
Civil Affairs and UN Police
• Demining
UNIFIL
 UNFICYP
Incidents: IN THE MILITARY

Constructions CHANGE OF THE STATUS QUO

STRENGTHENING POSTS
 UNFICYP
INCIDENTS: CIVIL

Buildings in BZ
Farmers Pilgrimage

Hunters
BZ fires Manifestations
 SITUATION 2008 -2021

• Opening Crossing Points

Technical Committees and Working
Groups continue meetings. UN eases
jobs
• Appointment of UN SG Special Envoy,
• SG visits
Elections in Cyprus.
President Nicos Anastasiedes.
• Northern Cyprus Elections.
President Mustafa Akinci.

Anastiasedes Akinci
 CURRENT SITUATION

TMA

Lt Gen Hilmi Akin Zorlu Lt Gen Adem Huduti Lt Gen Ismail Serdar Savas Lt. Gen. Sezai Öztürk

TCSF
?
Lt Gen Mehemet Eroz Lt Gen Abdullah Recep Maj Gen Mehemet Daysal
Brig Gen Altan Er

NG

Lt Gen Constantinos Bisbikas Lt Gen Petros Tsalikidis Lt Gen Stylianos Nasis Lt Gen Georgios
Mpasiakoulis
 CURRENT SITUATION

2008 – 2010 2011 – 2014 2014 – 2016 2016-2018 2018-2020

CURRENT SITUATION

VAROSHA

• Balneario turístico /Famagusta Bay

• 35,000 GrCy abandonan Varosha 15 agosto
• Saqueo y cercado de Varosha
• ONU establece PO antes de ingreso FT
 Varosha
OP-149
Cerco Varosha
Sin Cerco Varosha
Circuito Patrulla ONU

Varosha – 5 x 1.5 km
PB-152
Cerco – aprox. 7 km
Circuito – 0.5 x 2.5 km

FAMAGUSTA
VAROSHA before 1974
VAROSHA before 1974
VAROSHA before 1974
VAROSHA, August 1974
VAROSHA after 1974
VAROSHA after 1974
VAROSHA after 1974
VAROSHA after 1974
ACTIVIDADES DEL COMANDANTE
DE FUERZA DURANTE EJERCICIO
DE COMANDO 2008-2010
Visita del Secretario General ONU
Visita del Papa Benedicto XVI
Visitas Protocolares Varias
Visitas Protocolares Varias
Actividades de la Fuerza
Actividades de la Fuerza
Actividades de la Fuerza
Actividades Sociales
 CONCLUSION(SCENARIO)

Base Área Soberana RU

ELDYK

Base Área Soberana RU

"THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE
SEARCH FOR A SOLUTION TO
THE CYPRUS PROBLEM"