A B C D E F G

/i/ /I/ /e/ /Ɛ/ /æ/ /u/ /U/

1. valley
2. sauté
3. ban
4. gel
5. crude
6. woman
7. seize
8. gauge
9. route
10. kin
“I love my sister.”

“I love my sister.”

“I love my sister.”

“I love my sister.”
 combat- combat
conduct- conduct
object - object
present- present
record- record
protest- protest
content- content
desert- desert
 conflict- conflict
contact- contact
purchase- purchase
survey-survey
Heteronyms
• Words which are spelled the same but are
pronounced differently.
• The difference in pronunciation is attributed
to stress.
• In heteronyms, nouns are usually stressed on
the first syllable, while verbs are stressed on
the second syllable.
Stress
• Stress is the relative emphasis given to
certain syllables in a word, or certain
words in a phrase or sentence. In
English, stressed syllables are louder
than non-stressed syllables. They are
also longer and have a higher pitch.
Stress
• There are four types of stress, primary (ˊ),
secondary (`), tertiary (ˆ) and weak (no symbol).
Primary stress is most noticeable when spoken.
All the other stresses are no longer emphasized
when read. As a general rule in writing the
stress (ˊ) symbol, you write it above the vowel of
the stressed syllable. Example: informaˊtion ,
neˊcessary
 combat- combat
conduct- conduct
object - object
present- present
record- record
protest- protest
content- content
desert- desert
 conflict- conflict
contact- contact
purchase- purchase
survey-survey
Sentence-stress
refers to certain words in a sentence that are
given importance. There is no complete set of
rules for sentence-stress. The meaning
intended determines the words to be
stressed and the degree to which they are
emphasized. If you shift the primary stress,
you get different meanings.
Intonation
refers to the total pattern of pitch change
within an utterance. It is usually associated
with the intent behind the sentence, It is
important for us to use the appropriate
intonation patterns when we speak. Otherwise,
we may be sending messages using intonations
that contradict what we want our words to say.