GASOLINE DIRECT

INJECTION
 INTRODUCTION
• Gasoline direct-injection engines generate the
air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
• During the induction stroke, only the
combustion air flows through the open intake
valve.
• The fuel is injected directly into the
combustion chamber by special fuel injectors.
Major Objectives of the GDI engine

 Ultra-low fuel consumption that betters that

of even diesel engines
 Superior power to conventional MPI engines
 WHY NOT CARBURETTOR?

Carburetor has following disadvantages

 Vapor lock
 Perfect air/fuel mixture cannot be obtained
 Lack of throttle response
 Low volumetric efficiency
 Icing – problem in aircraft engines
 Mechanical device
 Compromises on emission
Transition of fuel supply
Major characteristics of the GDI engine

1. Lower fuel and higher output consumption

 Optimal fuel spray for two-combustion
mode
 Ultra-lean Combustion Mode
 Superior Output Mode
2. The GDI engines foundation technologies
 In-cylinder Airflow
 Realization of lower fuel consumption
 Basic Concept

• In conventional gasoline engines, dispersion of an

air-fuel mixture with the ideal density around the
spark plug was very difficult. However, this is possible
in the GDI engine. Furthermore, extremely low fuel
consumption is achieved because ideal stratification
enables fuel injected late in the compression stroke
to maintain an ultra-lean air-fuel mixture.
• As a result, extremely stable combustion of ultra-
lean mixture with an air-fuel ratio of 40 (55, EGR
included) is achieved as shown below.
 Combustion of Ultra-lean Mixture

In conventional MPI engines, there were limits to the
mixtures leanness due to large changes in combustion
characteristics. However, the stratified mixture of the
GDI enabled greatly decreasing the air-fuel ratio
without leading to poorer combustion. For example,
during idling when combustion is most inactive and
unstable, the GDI engine maintains a stable and fast
combustion even with an extremely lean mixture of
40 to 1 air-fuel ratio (55 to 1, EGR included)
 Vehicle Fuel Consumption
 Fuel Consumption during Idling
 The GDI engine maintains stable combustion
even at low idle speeds.
 Moreover, it offers greater flexibility in setting
the idle speed.
 Compared to conventional engines, its fuel
consumption during idling is 40% less.
Graph
 Emission control
• However, in the case of GDI engine, 97% NOx
reduction is achieved by utilizing high-rate
EGR (Exhaust Gas Ratio) such as 30% that is
allowed by the stable combustion unique to
the GDI as well as a use of a newly developed
lean-NOx catalyst.
Realization of Superior Output
 Basic concept
 To achieve power superior to conventional
MPI engines, the GDI engine has a high
compression ratio and a highly efficient air
intake system, which result in improved
volumetric efficiency.
 Improved Volumetric Efficiency
• Compared to conventional engines, the Mitsubishi
GDI engine provides better volumetric efficiency.

• The upright straight intake ports enable smoother

air intake.

• And the vaporization of fuel, which occurs in the

cylinder at a late stage of the compression stroke,
cools the air for better volumetric efficiency.
 Increased Compression Ratio
• The cooling of air inside the cylinder by the
vaporization of fuel has another benefit, to minimize
engine knocking. This allows a high compression ratio
of 12, and thus improved combustion efficiency
 GDI Vehicles
 BMW
 Mazda Speed
 Ford
 Direct Injection Spark
 EcoBoost
Ignition
 General Motors
 Mitsubishi
 2.0L Ecotec
 Gasoline Direct Injection
 Hyundai

 Volkswagen
Theta
 Lexus  FSI Fuel Stratified Injection
THANK
YOU