2.

TRAFFIC EDUCATION
> It is the process of giving training and practice in the actual application of traffic
safety knowledge. The following are the agencies and offices responsible for traffic
education.
01 SCHOOLS (Public and
Private)

02 Public Information Programs

03 Citizen Support Groups

 3. TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT

> This field deals mostly on the implementation and enforcement of traffic laws and rules and regulations.
The Following are the various agencie/Offices involved in enforcement of traffic laws;

√ Land Transportation Office (LTO) This Office is responsible for the following:
• Vehicle registration
• Vehicle Inspections
•Driver's Licensing
•Public to Police on stolen or wanted vehicles
 3. TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT

√ Legislative Bodies- included are the senate, Congress, provincial boards, and city and municipal council. They are
responsible for the passing and for amending of laws and/or ordinances.
√ Police Traffic Enforcement- This pillar is not limited to PNP-TMG but includes all government personnel who are duly
authorized for the direct enforcement of traffic rules and regulations Such as:

•Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) for NCR

•Police Auxillaries
•LTO Flying squad
 4. TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT

√ This pillar is very recent which includes the study of potentially disastrous population explosion, changes in urban
environment due to the scale and the density of new urban concentration and new activities carried out, air pollution, water
pollution and crowding, especially transport congestion which result therein.
4. TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT

√ The following are the environment effects:

° Noise
° Vibration
° Air Pollution
° Dirt
° Visual Intrusion
° Loss of Privacy
° Changes in the amount of light
° Neighborhood Severance
° Relocation
° Distraction during planning and Construction
° Accident Experiences
° Pedestrian Journey
° Congestion and Other benefits to vehicles
 4. TRAFFIC ECOLOGY OR TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT

√ Laws and Statutes concerning Traffic Ecology

° PD 1181- Providing for prevention, Control, Abatement of Air Pollution from motor vehicles
° LOI 551 - Directing Law Enforcement Agencies to implement the pollution control programs.
° RA 8749- Clean Air Act
 5. TRAFFIC ECONOMY

✓ This is the most recent of the pillars of traffic which deals with the benefits and adverse effects of traffic to our economy,
Primarily, Traffic Operation is designed to expedite the movement of traffic.
✓ One aspect affecting our economy is the unending increase of oil prices in the world market, somehow, programs must be
instituted in order to minimize the I'll effect of rising prices of basic commodities.
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

✓ Concept:
° Traffic Safety Education - It is the process of training road users in avoidance and prevention of traffic- related accidents.
° Road Safety - It refers to the reduced risk of accident or injury on the roads, achieved through multidisciplinary approaches
involving road engineering and traffic management, education and training of road users, and vehicle designs.
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

✓ FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ACCIDENTS

° HUMAN ERRORS:
• Going too fast or excessive speed
• Falling to give at junctions
• Over taking Improperly
• Following too closely
• Misperceiving or misjudging the road situation ahead
• Lack of Skill
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

✓ ROAD DEFICIENCIES THAT ARE MAIN CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS

• Poor design of lay- out and control at junctions

• Inadequate signing, road marking, lighting,
• Slippery roads
• Obstructions on the road such as parked vehicles, ongoing road construction, etc.,
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

✓ MAIN VEHICLE FACTORS

• Defects and tries, brakes, and lights

• Absence or non- using of seatbelts
•Poorly Maintenance motor vehicles

✓ The three Principles that have been emphasized as effective in the prevention of traffic accidents are known as the
three (3) E's or pillars of traffic. Recently However Traffic Environment and Traffic Economy were added to
complete the 5 Pillars of Traffic.
° ENGINEERING ( Traffic Engineering) -Effective construction and maintenance of traffic facilities which does
not only expedite the movement of traffic but also prevents the occurrence of traffic accidents. Successful treatments
have included:
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

•Changes in layout at junctions to define priorities more clearly ( use of roundebouts, or traffic circles);
• More wide use of road markings to delineate traffic lences and waiting areas for turning vehicles
• Improvements in skidding resistance of wet roads
• More uniform street lighting
• More highly visible and legible direction information and warning signs.
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

✓ EDUCATION ( in traffic safety) - When road users are informed of the traffic laws, rules and regulations,
accidents are likely prevented. This is also an integral part of curriculum, Included are:
• New approach on training and educating young drivers;
• Training in hazard perception
• Changing of attitudes

✓ ENFORCEMENT (of Traffic Rules) - The following are highly recommended in areas of traffic enforcement:
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

• Strengthening and simplifying the application of law

• New technology to aid Traffic
• Enhanced publicity
• Education of teenagers in schools
• The development of rehabilitation course like seminars for apprehended Traffic Violators.

✓ ECOLOGY/ ENVIRONMENT - People Should be educated regarding the adverse effect of traffic to our
environment that directly or indirectly affects the population's health.
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

✓ ECONOMY- People should also learn to develop schemes that do not only lessen expenses but also accident-free.
✓ LEVELS OF TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION
° Imparting knowledge concerning traffic safety.
° Training and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge
° Developing Traffic safety morality.
 ✓ TRAFFIC SAFETY
FOR CHILDREN
This is highly
unsystematic and is
usually Carried out in the
home through parental
education and in
•ELEMENTARY kindergarten and • HIGHER EDUCATION
Pupils are usually
educated by stressing on nurseries. Some Universities and
colleges offer and conduct
Traffic Safety and Guides,
courses to private and
Classroom discussions of • SECONDARY public agencies regarding
accidents, Incidents and This level initiates driving Traffic Safety subjects.
other Traffic Safety rules. should be stressed. It also
includes school safety
organizations.
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION FOR ADULTS- This is easier compared to the education designed for younger
children since the adults are in a better position to understand what is being taught to them.
° It is a general belief that by being a better driver, It follows that one, becomes a better pedestrian.
° Driver education is carried out in secondary schools and in private and government sponsored driving school.
The basic purposes of this education are:
 |||. TRAFFIC SAFETY EDUCATION

•To develop good traffic citizens who are equiped to live in notorized society and achieving Traffic Safety.
• To develop drivers who are eligible to have their driver's license

✓ DRIVER'S EDUCATION In general, Driver instruction aims primarily to teach the rudiments of driving.
Secondary aims are as follows:
° To install awareness of one's legal and moral responsibilities in traffic.
° To teach the abilities required for one to be eligible for a driver's license.
 FOUR BASIC
TYPES OF
INSTRUCTION
METHODS used In
01 Driver Education
Programs: 04

COMPREHENSIVE 02 Simulated Conditions (On

03 and Off Training)
This method places TRADITIONAL COMMENTARY
The premise of
simulated Conditions
the student into real INSTRUCTION DRIVING METHOD training is that the
behavior of the Driver-
of driving situations
This depends on The student - driver accompanied by an Subject placed in
from beginning. instructor. As the student- driver drives, the condition will be
instructor- Student
Instructor has to give a commentary on his relatively analogous to
driving.
normal behavior
Communication.
 SIMULATOR
Is a static machine with all the important features of a car used in driving method or driver training. There are
two methods of simulation presently adopted:
• Partial Stimulation Method - This Method has the specific aim of training for the "Subtasks" of the driving
task.
• Global Stimulation- It may be classified into two (2) specific groups which are: training, simulated in traffic
conditions and situations.
SIMULATORS ARE MOST COMMONLY USE FOR THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF
TRAINING:
° Training in basic Car- Control skills
° Perceptual Training
° Emergency Training
Classification of Films as shown by the simulators
° ANALYTICAL FILM- Which provides an objective analysis of the driving situation presented to the
subject.

° DIDACTIC FILM- aims to show good driving behavior

° SIMULATION FILM- Offers "Visual realism" to driving situations and therefore aid in actual practice.
✓ ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF DRIVING TASKS-
Driver Education Includes:
° Collection of Information which includes:
• Perceptual Scanning and Identification
• Identification
°Process of Information which includes:
• Predicting and
•Decision-Making
✓ ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF DRIVING TASKS-
° Action which is focused on:
•Motor Skills and Control Vehicles and
•knowledge and subjective Incorporation
✓ BIORHYTHM- It is a theory which asserts that man exhibits a constant variation of the energy and mood
states. Men's theorized cycles and interpretation rhythm in peculiar characteristics of most natural phenomenon
like:
° the dilumar exchange of light and darkness.
° four seasons
° wet and dry seasons
° waxing and waning of moon
> The Observation of the mentioned and their possible correlation with the habits
of man has led to a host of different theories that tried to explain this correlation in
terms of physical, psychological, etc.
The following are the most controversial theory of biorhythms:
° 23 day cycle a.k.a our cycle of strength, endurance and courage (Male Component of a person)
° 28 emotional cycle (Equivalent to female's 28 day menstrual cycle) is a.k.a our cycle of sensitivity, love and
institution (female component)
° 33 day intellectual cycle
 > All of these are present at the time we are born, When the curve is alone the
center line, the biorhythm value is said to be "high" or a person has more energy to
spare:
° Physical High
° Emotional High
° Intellectual High
> When the curve is below the conterine, the biorhythm is said to be "Low" or in a
recharged period.:
° Physical Low
° Emotional Low
° Intellectual Low
 > Importance of Biorhythm in the field of study. It should be borne in mind that
Biorhythm does not predict what actually happen. All it does is to give us a hint on
how we tend to feel in a certain day.
° The theory asserts that people are accident, prone if their Biorhythm crosses
the centerline on a certain day or totally below the line.
° Theoritically, if we know our Biorhythm for a certain day, we can
psychologically cope up with any situation.
> The idea has been put into use in different countries in the world, and the result
helps reduce accident. rates until it is totally refuted.up with any situation.
✓ SAFETY CAMPAIGN- This is a mass publicly aimed to make road users
behave more safely. These basically focus on public information attitudes, and
particular or Specific behaviors, or combination of these.
Safety Campaign- is also known as road propaganda which may be intended
simply to inform or it may be felt that the public is already aware of the
recommended behavior by need to be persuaded into adopting it.
 ° SAFETY CAMPAIGN CLASSIFICATIONS:
• According to purpose- maybe categorized as informational,
attitudinal and behavioral.
• According to kind of appeal- used to reason by simply feeding the
public with authenticated factual data
° SAFETY CAMPAIGN DESIGN:
• Initial Campaign planning
• Final Campaign design
• Campaign evaluation
° PRIVATE and GOVERNMENT ENTITIES FOR SAFETY
CAMPAIGN:
• Newspapers
• Radio Broadcasting Networks
• Television Broadcasting Networks
• Public Information Agencies
 |V, TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS
✓ CONCEPT: The standards of Regulating movements on roads,
streets, and highways are found in traffic laws, rules and regulations.
A. SOURCES
1. Republic Acts (R.A's)
> R.A 4136- This is the basic law regulating land
transportation in the Philippines. It has repealed Act No. 3992 (the
revice motor vehicle Law)
> R.A 6539- The act which is known as the " Anti- Car napping Act of 1972"
> R.A 5448- An imposing tax on privately-owned passenger automobiles, motorcycles, and scooters.
> Republic Act 10586 or the "Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013"
> R.A 8749- Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999
> R.A 8750- Seat belts use Act of 1999
> R.A 7924- Act creating Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
 2. Presidential Degrees (P.D's)
> P.D No. 96- Regulating the use of sirens, bells, horns, etc.
> P.D No. 101- Expediting the methods of prescribing, redefining or modifying the lines and mode of
operations of public utility motor vehicles in the Philippines.
> P.D No. 612- Requiring compulsory insurance for all types of motor vehicles against third party liability as
an additional pre-requisite for registration by the LTO.
> P.D No. 1686 Imposing tax on every motor vehicle equipped with air conditioner.
> P.D 1605- Granting Metro Manila Commission certain powers related to Traffic Management and control in
Metropolitan Manila.
> P.D 98- Regulating the issuance of license plates of all motor vehicles.
> P.D 109 Modifying P.D 98
> P.D 1729- Authorizing the Bureau of Land Transportation to dispose of impounded motor vehicles unclaimed
by owners for a certain period of time.
> P.D 1730- Declaring the syndicated printing manufacture, distribution, possession or use of fake official
Bureau of Land Transportation forms, documents, plates, and stickers as offenses involving economic sabotage.
 3. LETTERS OF INSTRUCTION (LOI's)
> LOI No, 43- Providing for the removal of all impediments on roads, streets, and highways such as
construction, parked Vehicles etc., which obstruct free passage.
> LOI No. 112- prohibiting fright and cargo trucks from using roads, highways and bridges whose load
capacities are in excess of specific allowable limits.
> LOI No. 229- Requiring all motor vehicle owners, users, or drivers to have in their possession at all times
while while driving atleast one (1) pair of early warning device (EWD) for use when the vehicle is disable on
roads, streets, highways, or other emergencies.
> LOI No. 716- Every motor vehicle to equip at least a pair of early warning device.
> LOI No. 551- Directing the law enforcement agencies to implement the pollution control program
> LOI No. 853- Calling for the National Tripartite Conference to consider the establishment of viable labor
management relations based upon the "boundary" system in Land Transportations.
> LOI No. 1009- All owners of private motor vehicles wo desire to stop operating or using their number plates
and registration certificates to surrender at BLT.
> LOI No. 1071- Owners and Operators of Motor Vehicles are authorized to pay the annual premiums for the
insurance of their motor vehicles on quarterly basis.
 4. DEPARTMENT ORDERS (D.O's)
> DOTC D.O 88-305- Rules of pleadings, practice and procedure for appeals on franchising, fare rates changes
and other related matters pertinent to Land Transportation Public Utilities
> DOTC D.O 93-693- Revised schedule of administrative fees and changes of the Land Transportation Code.
5. ADMINISTRATIVE AND SPECIAL ORDERS
> Administrative Order No. VIII 5- 1968, LTC- requiring the towing and impoundings of stailed motor vehicles
on public holidays and the imposition of corresponding fees thereof.
> Administrative Order No. 1, 5- 1973, LTC- Prescribing guidelines and procedures in the implementation of PD
96.
> Special Order No 101-IRM, LTC- Enumerating and identifying various city streets where parking is
prohibited.
 6. MEMORANDUM CIRCULARS
> LTC Memorandum to all Patrol Officers, Deputies, and Agents dated Aug 9, 1975
> LTC Memorandum Circular No. 33, dated Sept 12, 1972.
> LTC Circular no. 15, dated January 19, 1972
> M.C 94-199
> M.C 94- 188
> M.C 92- 146
> M.C 90- 011
> M.C 94- 192
7. EXECUTIVE ORDERS (E.O's)
> E.O 125
> E.O 266
> E.O 202
> E.O 248
8. OTHER SPECIAL LAWS, STATES et.,
> Batas pambansang blgs, 344
> Memorandum unnumbered dated July 13, 1992.
> Sc Bars Lawmen from removing car plates (187 SCRA 432)
 V. IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF R.A. 4136- Land Transportation and Traffic code
A. Words and Phrases used in R.A 4136
(a) "Motor Vehicle" Shall mean any Vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular power using the public
highways, but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, street sweepers, Sprinklers, Lawn Mowers, bulldozers,
graders, fork-lifts, amphibian trucks, and tractors, trallers and traction engines of all kinds used exclusively for
agricultural purposes.
(b) "Passengers Automobiles" shall mean all pneumatic-tire vehicle of types similar to those usually known
under the following terms: touring car, command car, speedster, sport cars, roadster, Jeep, cycle, car (except
motor wheel and similar small outfits, which are classfied with motorcycles) Coupe, landaulet, closed car,
limousine, cabriolet, and sedan.
Motor Vehicles with changed or rebuilt bodies, such as jeepneys, jitneys or station wagons, using a
chassis of the usual pneumatic-tome passenger automobile type, shall also be classified as
passenger.
automobile, if their net allowable carrying capacity, as determined by the commissioner of Land
Transportation, does not exceed nine passengers and if they are not used primarily for carrying
freight or merchandise.
The distinction between "Passenger truck" and Passenger automobile shall be that of common
usage: provided, That a motor vehicle Registered for more than mine passengers shall be
classified as "truck" And provided, further, That a "truck with seating compartments at the back
not use for hire shall be registered under Special"S" Classification. Incase of dispute the
Commissioner of Land Transportation shall determine the classification to which any special type
of motor vehicle belongs.
(c) "Articulated vehicle" Shall mean any motor vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and so
attached that part of the trailer rests upon motor vehicle and a substantial part of the weight of
the trailer and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle. Such a trailer shall be called as "Semi-
trailer".
(d) "Driver" shall mean every and any licensed operator of motor vehicle.
(e) "Professional Driver" shall mean every and any driver hired or paid for driving or operating a
motor vehicle, whether for private use, or for hire to the public. Any person driving his own
vehicle for hire is a professional driver.
(f) "Owner" shall mean the actual legal owner of a motor vehicle, in whose name such Vehicle is
duly registered with the Land Transportation Commission.
The "owner" of a government-owned motor vehicle is the head of the office or the chief of the
Bureau to which the said motor vehicle belongs.
(g) "Dealer" Shall mean every person, association, partnership or corporation making,
manufacturing, constructing, assembling, remodelling, rebuilding, or setting up motor vehicle;
and every such entity acting as agent for the sale of one or more makes, styles, or kinds of motor
vehicles, dealing in motor, keeping the same in stock or selling same or handling with a view to
trading same.
 (h) "Garage" shall mean any building in which two or more Motor Vehicles, either with or
without driver's, are kept ready for hire to the public, but shall not include street stands, public
service stations, or other public places designed by proper authority as parking spaces for motor
vehicles for hire while awaiting or soliciting business.
(I) "Gross weight" shall mean the measured weight of a motor vehicle plus the maximum
allowable carrying capacity in merchandise, freight and/or passenger, as determined by the
Commissioner of Land Transportation.
(j) "Highways" shall mean every public thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway, avenue, park,
alley and callejon, but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by Private persons,
colleges, Universities, or other similar institutions.
(k) "The Commissioner of Land Transportation or his deputies" shall mean the actual or acting
chief of the Land Transportation Commission or such representatives, deputies, or assistants, as
he may, with the approval of secretay of public works and commissions, appoint or desagnate in
writing for the purpose contemplated by this Act.
(l) "Parking or parked", for the purposes of this Act, shall mean that a motor vehicle is "parked"
or "parking" if it has been brought to a stop on the shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and
remains inactive in that place close thereto for an appreciate period of time. A motor vehicle which
properly stops merely to discharge a passenger or to take in a waiting passenger, or to load or
unload a small quantity of freight with reasonable dispatch shall not be considered as "parked", if
the Motor Vehicle again moves away, without delay.
(m) "Tourist" shall mean a foreigner who travels from place to place for pleasure or culture.
B. SELECTED PROVISIONS OF R.A 4136
1. exceeding registered capacity (overloading)- passengers freight or cargo load of a motor vehicle
should not be more than it's registered carrying capacity, conductors are held liable of public
utility trucks or buses for overloading.
 03
ADD YOUR TITLE
This PPT template for the rice husk designer pencil demo works, focusing on the production of high-end design
husk

PART THREE
Imam's PPT
THANK YOU
Matatag
Fam