Integrated Circuit

• An integrated circuit (IC)

sometimes called a chip,
microchip or microelectronic
circuit is a semi conductor wafer
on which thousands or millions of
tiny resistors, capacitors, diodes
and transistors are fabricated.
These extremely small
electronics can perform
calculations and store data using
either digital or analog
technology.
 Classification of Integrated Circuit

A . According to the number of active components use (chip

size)
• SSI: Small Scale Integration. 3-30 gates per chip.
• MSI: Medium Scale Integration. 30-300 gates per chip.
• LSI: Large Scale Integration. 300-3000 gates per chip.
• VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration. More than 3000 gates
per chip.
 Classification of Integrated Circuit

B. According to manufacturing method

1. Monolithic IC’s
2.Thin and Thick IC’s
3. Hybrid or Multi-chip IC’s
Monolithic ICs

A monolithic circuit is built into a single

semiconductor base material and all
circuits components, and their
interconnections are formed into or on
the top of a single chip of silicon. The
word monolithic is actually derived from
two Greek words “mono” meaning one or
single and Lithos meaning stone.
Thin and Thick Film IC’s

This devices are larger than monolithic

IC’s but smaller than discrete circuits.
These IC’s can be used when power
requirement is comparatively higher.
With a thin or thick film IC, the passive
components like resistors and capacitors
are integrated, but the transistors and
diodes are connected as discrete
components to form a complete circuits.
Hybrid or Multi chip ICs
As the name implies, “Multi” more
than one individual chips are
interconnected. Hybrid IC’s are widely
used for high power-amplifier
applications from 5W to more than
50W. Its performance is better than
the monolithic ICs.
Process is too expensive for mass
production.
Classification of Integrated Circuit
C . according to application:
1. Digital Integrated Circuits
•When the circuit is either in on-state or off-state
and not in between the two, the circuit is called
digital circuit. IC’s used in such circuits are called
the digital IC’s. They find wide applications in
computers and logic circuits.
2. Linear Integrated Circuits
•When the input and output relationship of a circuit
is linear Linear IC’s are used. Input and output can
take place on a continuous range of values.
Types of IC Packages
 Group Activity

Search for different applications of IC

either in digital or analog and explain
the importance of IC in this device or
circuit.